1. Chemistry

2. Chemistry Overview Inorganic Organic Biochemistry Analytical

3. Matter Define Composition –Fundamental Elements –Atomic Particles

5. States of Matter

6. Energy Components –Te = Ke + Pe Forms –Chemical –Electrical –Mechanical –Electromagnetic Conversions

7. Matter and Energy Relationship

8. Atoms Define Subatomic Particles –Name –Charge –Location –Function Atomic Symbol –Atomic Number –Mass Number –Atomic Weight –Charge

9. Atomic Nucleus Protons = AN –Electrically neutral –P = E Neutrons = AW –Variable number –Isotopes

10. Energy Levels Electrons Orbitals –Maximum e- number 2n to 2 nd power n is 1, 2, 3 etc orbital –Sublevels 2 electrons each s, p, d, f –Valence Outermost Determines Chemical property of atom

11. Electron Valence Shells Gain electrons Loose electrons Share electrons

12. Reactive vs. Inert Atoms

13. Molecules and Compounds Define –molecule of an element Define –molecule of a compound Define solution –Solvent –Solute

14. Chemical Bonds Overview

15. Covalent Bonds Strong Electrons shared Electrically neutral Types –Single –Double –Triple

16. Polar Covalent Bonds Slightly weaker than covalent Unequal electron sharing Allow for hydrogen bonds between other elements

17. Ionic Bonds Do not share electrons –Electrons gained or lost –Create ions Cations Anions Stable –Electron orbitals full –Salts Dissociate –Ions in solution –Electrolytes

18. Hydrogen Bonds

19. Chemical Reactions Reaction components –Reactants –Products –Direction indicated by arrows Types –Decomposition –Synthesis –Displacement –Reversible Reaction Rates –Temperature –Particle size –Concentration of reactants –Enzymes –Energy requirements

20. Inorganic Compounds No carbon-hydrogen as primary structure Small molecules Majority have ionic bonds Examples –Water –Salts –Acids –Bases –Buffers

21. Water 2/3 body weight 75% of cell volume Bonds –Polar covalent –Hydrogen Chemistry –Dehydration synthesis –Hydrolysis Properties –Temperature –Solvent –Reactant –pH –Surface tension –Solubility

22. pH Define Math equation Scale Normal range Problems –Acidemia, acidosis –Alkalemia, alkalosis –Compensated –Uncompensated

23. pH and pH Scale

24. Buffers

25. Chemical Buffer Systems Define Types –Chemical –Respiratory –Renal

26. Organic Compounds Contain –Carbon-Hydrogen –Oxygen Covalent bonds Macromolecule classes –Carbohydrates –Lipids –Proteins –Nucleic Acids

27. Organic Functional Groups

28. Carbohydrates Source Function Structure –Formula –Combinations Mono- Di- Poly-

29. Glucose Chemical Structure

30. Carbohydrate Interactions Glucose C6H12O6

31. Fatty Acid Structure

32. Lipid Structure

33. Saturated vs. Unsaturated

34. Lipids Basic Structure Class Types –Fatty Acids –Glycerides –Prostaglandins –Steroids –Phospholipids –Glycolipids Function

35. Proteins AA structure Bonds Shape Types –Short chain –Long chain Functions –Fibrous –Globular

36. Amino Acid Structure

37. Amino Acid named for its structure Amine groupCarboxylic acid group

38. Amino Acid Groups

39. Peptide Bonds

40. Fibrous Proteins Structure Support Movement/Contraction External Defense Elastin and collagen

41. Globular Proteins Transport –Albumin –Hemoglobin –Hormones Metabolic –enzymes Defense –Immunoglobulins

42. Enzymatic Reaction

43. Enzyme Saturation Curve

44. Enzyme Interactions

45. Protein Denatured

46. Nucleotide Structure

47. Nucleic Acids

48. Nitrogen Base Pairing DNA –A-T –T-A –C-G –G-C RNA –U-A –A-U

49. Nucleic Acid Comparison DNA –Double stranded –Alpha Helix –AT and CG base pairs –Nucleus (eukaryotes) –Semi-conservative replication creates daughter strands during S phase of cell cycle RNA –Single stranded –Different for each type –AU and CG base pairs –Cytoplasm –Created from DNA for transcription and translation for protein synthesis

50. DNA

51. mRNA

52. rRNA

53. tRNA

54. DNA Replication

55. Transcription

56. Translation

57. Protein Synthesis

58. High Energy Compounds

59. Questions?