1. Standardized Test Prep Grammar and Usage Grammar and Usage: Section 1 Grammar and Usage: Section 2 Handout

2. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)chosen a topic for their (B)chose a topic for their (C)choosed a topic for their (D)chosen a topic for his or her (E)chosen a topic for his and her 1. Has everyone chosen a topic for their essay? EXAMPLE (D)chosen a topic for his or her DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A.

3. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)In the 1936 Olympic Games, I read that Jesse Owens won four gold medals. (B)In the 1936 Olympic Games, I read that four gold medals were won by Jesse Owens. (C)I read where Jesse Owens won four gold medals in the 1936 Olympic Games. (D)I read in the 1936 Olympic Games that Jesse Owens won four gold medals. (E)I read that Jesse Owens won four gold medals in the 1936 Olympic Games. 1.In the 1936 Olympic Games, I read that Jesse Owens won four gold medals. DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A.

4. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)In the 1936 Olympic Games, I read that Jesse Owens won four gold medals. (B)In the 1936 Olympic Games, I read that four gold medals were won by Jesse Owens. (C)I read where Jesse Owens won four gold medals in the 1936 Olympic Games. (D)I read in the 1936 Olympic Games that Jesse Owens won four gold medals. (E)I read that Jesse Owens won four gold medals in the 1936 Olympic Games. 1.In the 1936 Olympic Games, I read that Jesse Owens won four gold medals. (E)I read that Jesse Owens won four gold medals in the 1936 Olympic Games.

5. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)when a player has a score of zero (B)where a player has a score of zero (C)a score of zero (D)scoring a zero (E)that a player has a score of zero 2. In some sports, a “goose egg” is when a player has a score of zero. DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A.

6. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)when a player has a score of zero (B)where a player has a score of zero (C)a score of zero (D)scoring a zero (E)that a player has a score of zero 2. In some sports, a “goose egg” is when a player has a score of zero. (C)a score of zero

7. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)I can’t hardly remember a time when the temperature was lower than it is today. (B)I can’t hardly remember a time when the temperature was lower then it is today. (C)I can hardly remember a time when the temperature was more lower than it is today. (D)I can hardly remember a time when the temperature was lower then it is today. (E)I can hardly remember a time when the temperature was lower than it is today. 3.I can’t hardly remember a time when the temperature was lower than it is today. DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A.

8. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)I can’t hardly remember a time when the temperature was lower than it is today. (B)I can’t hardly remember a time when the temperature was lower then it is today. (C)I can hardly remember a time when the temperature was more lower than it is today. (D)I can hardly remember a time when the temperature was lower then it is today. (E)I can hardly remember a time when the temperature was lower than it is today. 3.I can’t hardly remember a time when the temperature was lower than it is today. (E)I can hardly remember a time when the temperature was lower than it is today.

9. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)less people will be driving (B)fewer people will be driving (C)less people will have been driving (D)fewer people will have been driving (E)fewer people driven 4. This evening less people will be driving cars to the parade because there is less space available for parking. DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A.

10. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)less people will be driving (B)fewer people will be driving (C)less people will have been driving (D)fewer people will have been driving (E)fewer people driven 4. This evening less people will be driving cars to the parade because there is less space available for parking. (B)fewer people will be driving

11. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)between she and I (B)between her and I (C)between her and me (D)between she and me (E)among her and me 5. The first tennis match was between she and I. DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A.

12. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)between she and I (B)between her and I (C)between her and me (D)between she and me (E)among her and me 5. The first tennis match was between she and I. (C)between her and me

13. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)While running to the bus stop this morning, some books fell out of my backpack. (B)While running this morning, some books fell out of my backpack at the bus stop. (C)While I was running to the bus stop this morning, some books fell out of my backpack. (D)Some books fell out of my backpack while running to the bus stop this morning. (E)I was running to the bus stop this morning while some of my books fell out of my backpack. 6. While running to the bus stop this morning, some books fell out of my backpack. DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A.

14. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)While running to the bus stop this morning, some books fell out of my backpack. (B)While running this morning, some books fell out of my backpack at the bus stop. (C)While I was running to the bus stop this morning, some books fell out of my backpack. (D)Some books fell out of my backpack while running to the bus stop this morning. (E)I was running to the bus stop this morning while some of my books fell out of my backpack. 6. While running to the bus stop this morning, some books fell out of my backpack. (C)While I was running to the bus stop this morning, some books fell out of my backpack.

15. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)and he plans to make it his summer job (B)and he plans to make that his summer job (C)and that is his plan for a summer job (D)and he plans to make repairing lawn mowers his summer job (E)which is his plan for a summer job 7. Raymond knows how to repair lawn mowers, and he plans to make it his summer job. DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A.

16. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)and he plans to make it his summer job (B)and he plans to make that his summer job (C)and that is his plan for a summer job (D)and he plans to make repairing lawn mowers his summer job (E)which is his plan for a summer job 7. Raymond knows how to repair lawn mowers, and he plans to make it his summer job. (D)and he plans to make repairing lawn mowers his summer job

17. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)Creole dishes, the origins of which can be traced to Spanish, African, and Caribbean cooking. (B)The origins of Creole dishes, which can be traced to Spanish, African, and Caribbean cooking. (C)Tracing the origins of Creole dishes to Spanish, African, and Caribbean cooking. (D)Spanish, African, and Caribbean cooking, which are the origins of Creole dishes. (E)The origins of Creole dishes can be traced to Spanish, African, and Caribbean cooking. 8. Creole dishes, the origins of which can be traced to Spanish, African, and Caribbean cooking. DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A.

18. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)Creole dishes, the origins of which can be traced to Spanish, African, and Caribbean cooking. (B)The origins of Creole dishes, which can be traced to Spanish, African, and Caribbean cooking. (C)Tracing the origins of Creole dishes to Spanish, African, and Caribbean cooking. (D)Spanish, African, and Caribbean cooking, which are the origins of Creole dishes. (E)The origins of Creole dishes can be traced to Spanish, African, and Caribbean cooking. 8. Creole dishes, the origins of which can be traced to Spanish, African, and Caribbean cooking. (E)The origins of Creole dishes can be traced to Spanish, African, and Caribbean cooking.

19. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)doesn’t think that him and I (B)don’t think that him and me (C)doesn’t think that he and I (D)don’t think that he and me (E)doesn’t think that him and me 9. The coach doesn’t think that him and I have practiced free throws enough today. DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A.

20. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)doesn’t think that him and I (B)don’t think that him and me (C)doesn’t think that he and I (D)don’t think that he and me (E)doesn’t think that him and me 9. The coach doesn’t think that him and I have practiced free throws enough today. (C)doesn’t think that he and I

21. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)who are standing in line have all ready (B)who are standing in line have already (C)whom are standing in line have all ready (D)whom are standing in line have already (E)which are standing in line have already 10. Some of the people who are standing in line have all ready bought their tickets. DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A.

22. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 (A)who are standing in line have all ready (B)who are standing in line have already (C)whom are standing in line have all ready (D)whom are standing in line have already (E)which are standing in line have already 10. Some of the people who are standing in line have all ready bought their tickets. (B)who are standing in line have already

23. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 DIRECTIONS: Read the paragraph below. On the following slides, select the word or word group that best completes the sentence. In the 1980s, several health problems suffered by office workers __1__ as symptoms of an ailment called sick building syndrome. Besides fatigue and eye irritation, __2__ symptoms included headaches, sore throats, colds, and flu. Sick building syndrome, __3__ has been responsible for a huge rise in absenteeism, can also cause a significant drop in productivity. The problems resulting from the syndrome __4 __ are caused by indoor chemical pollutants. These substances __5__ trapped in climate-controlled buildings. These pollutants are widespread, but the situation __6__ hopeless. Research originally conducted to help astronauts __7__ to a simple, effective solution—houseplants. Microorganisms in the roots of a potted plant __8__ with the plant to remove chemicals from the air. The __9__ plants include chrysanthemums and spider plants, which remove certain chemicals. Both peace lilies and English ivy __10__ an additional chemical.

24. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 DIRECTIONS: For each numbered blank, select the word or word group that best completes the sentence. In the 1980s, several health problems suffered by office workers __1__ as symptoms of an ailment called sick building syndrome. Besides fatigue and eye irritation, __2__ symptoms included headaches, sore throats, colds, and flu. Sick building syndrome, __3__ has been responsible for a huge rise in absenteeism, can also cause a significant drop in productivity. The problems resulting from the syndrome __4 __ are caused by indoor chemical pollutants. 2.(A) these (B) them (C) these here (D) these kind of (E) them kind of 1.(A) identified (B) was identified (C) were identified (D) being identified (E) was being identified

25. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 In the 1980s, several health problems suffered by office workers __were identified__ as symptoms of an ailment called sick building syndrome. Besides fatigue and eye irritation, __2__ symptoms included headaches, sore throats, colds, and flu. Sick building syndrome, __3__ has been responsible for a huge rise in absenteeism, can also cause a significant drop in productivity. The problems resulting from the syndrome __4 __ are caused by indoor chemical pollutants. 1.(A) identified (B) was identified (C) were identified (D) being identified (E) was being identified

26. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 In the 1980s, several health problems suffered by office workers __1__ as symptoms of an ailment called sick building syndrome. Besides fatigue and eye irritation, __these__ symptoms included headaches, sore throats, colds, and flu. Sick building syndrome, __3__ has been responsible for a 30 percent rise in absenteeism, can cause as much as a 40 percent drop in productivity. The problems resulting from the syndrome __4 __ are caused by indoor chemical pollutants. 2.(A) these (B) them (C) these here (D) these kind of (E) them kind of

27. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 DIRECTIONS: For each numbered blank, select the word or word group that best completes the sentence. In the 1980s, several health problems suffered by office workers __1__ as symptoms of an ailment called sick building syndrome. Besides fatigue and eye irritation, __2__ symptoms included headaches, sore throats, colds, and flu. Sick building syndrome, __3__ has been responsible for a huge rise in absenteeism, can also cause a significant drop in productivity. The problems resulting from the syndrome __4 __ are caused by indoor chemical pollutants. 4.(A) more likely (B) more likelier (C) likelier (D) most likely (E) most likeliest 3.(A) they (B) which (C) who (D) what (E) it

28. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 In the 1980s, several health problems suffered by office workers __1__ as symptoms of an ailment called sick building syndrome. Besides fatigue and eye irritation, __2__ symptoms included headaches, sore throats, colds, and flu. Sick building syndrome, __which__ has been responsible for a huge rise in absenteeism, can also cause a significant drop in productivity. The problems resulting from the syndrome __4 __ are caused by indoor chemical pollutants. 3.(A) they (B) which (C) who (D) what (E) it

29. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 In the 1980s, several health problems suffered by office workers __1__ as symptoms of an ailment called sick building syndrome. Besides fatigue and eye irritation, __2__ symptoms included headaches, sore throats, colds, and flu. Sick building syndrome, __3__ has been responsible for a huge rise in absenteeism, can also cause a significant drop in productivity. The problems resulting from the syndrome __most likely __ are caused by indoor chemical pollutants. 4.(A) more likely (B) more likelier (C) likelier (D) most likely (E) most likeliest

30. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 DIRECTIONS: For each numbered blank, select the word or word group that best completes the sentence. These substances __5__ trapped in climate-controlled buildings. These pollutants are widespread, but the situation __6__ hopeless. Research originally conducted to help astronauts __7__ to a simple, effective solution— houseplants. Microorganisms in the roots of a potted plant __8__ with the plant to remove chemicals from the air. The __9__ plants include chrysanthemums and spider plants, which remove certain chemicals. Both peace lilies and English ivy __10__ an additional chemical. 5.(A) becomes (B) becomed (C) becoming (D) become (E) is becoming 6.(A) is in no way (B) is not in no way (C) aren’t in no way (D) it isn’t hardly (E) isn’t hardly

31. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 These substances __become__ trapped in climate-controlled buildings. These pollutants are widespread, but the situation __6__ hopeless. Research originally conducted to help astronauts __7__ to a simple, effective solution—houseplants. Microorganisms in the roots of a potted plant __8__ with the plant to remove chemicals from the air. The __9__ plants include chrysanthemums and spider plants, which remove certain chemicals. Both peace lilies and English ivy __10__ an additional chemical. 5.(A) becomes (B) becomed (C) becoming (D) become (E) is becoming

32. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 These substances __5__ trapped in climate-controlled buildings. These pollutants are widespread, but the situation __is in no way__ hopeless. Research originally conducted to help astronauts __7__ to a simple, effective solution—houseplants. Microorganisms in the roots of a potted plant __8__ with the plant to remove chemicals from the air. The __9__ plants include chrysanthemums and spider plants, which remove certain chemicals. Both peace lilies and English ivy __10__ an additional chemical. 6. (A) is in no way (B) is not in no way (C) aren’t in no way (D) it isn’t hardly (E) isn’t hardly

33. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 DIRECTIONS: For each numbered blank, select the word or word group that best completes the sentence. These substances __5__ trapped in climate-controlled buildings. These pollutants are widespread, but the situation __6__ hopeless. Research originally conducted to help astronauts __7__ to a simple, effective solution— houseplants. Microorganisms in the roots of a potted plant __8__ with the plant to remove chemicals from the air. The __9__ plants include chrysanthemums and spider plants, which remove certain chemicals. Both peace lilies and English ivy __10__ an additional chemical. 7.(A) have led (B) has led (C) has lead (D) leads (E) have lead 8.(A) they interact (B) it interacts (C) interact (D) interacts (E) is interacting

34. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 These substances __5__ trapped in climate-controlled buildings. These pollutants are widespread, but the situation __6__ hopeless. Research originally conducted to help astronauts __has led__ to a simple, effective solution—houseplants. Microorganisms in the roots of a potted plant __8__ with the plant to remove chemicals from the air. The __9__ plants include chrysanthemums and spider plants, which remove certain chemicals. Both peace lilies and English ivy __10__ an additional chemical. 7.(A) have led (B) has led (C) has lead (D) leads (E) have lead

35. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 These substances __5__ trapped in climate-controlled buildings. These pollutants are widespread, but the situation __6__ hopeless. Research originally conducted to help astronauts __7__ to a simple, effective solution— houseplants. Microorganisms in the roots of a potted plant __interact__ with the plant to remove chemicals from the air. The __9__ plants include chrysanthemums and spider plants, which remove certain chemicals. Both peace lilies and English ivy __10__ an additional chemical. 8.(A) they interact (B) it interacts (C) interact (D) interacts (E) is interacting

36. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 DIRECTIONS: For each numbered blank, select the word or word group that best completes the sentence. These substances __5__ trapped in climate-controlled buildings. These pollutants are widespread, but the situation __6__ hopeless. Research originally conducted to help astronauts __7__ to a simple, effective solution— houseplants. Microorganisms in the roots of a potted plant __8__ with the plant to remove chemicals from the air. The __9__ plants include chrysanthemums and spider plants, which remove certain chemicals. Both peace lilies and English ivy __10__ an additional chemical. 9.(A) most useful (B) usefullest (C) most usefullest (D) more usefuller (E) usefuller 10.(A) removes (B) they remove (C) removed (D) were removing (E) remove View All Answers

37. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 These substances __5__ trapped in climate-controlled buildings. These pollutants are widespread, but the situation __6__ hopeless. Research originally conducted to help astronauts __7__ to a simple, effective solution— houseplants. Microorganisms in the roots of a potted plant __8__ with the plant to remove chemicals from the air. The __most useful__ plants include chrysanthemums and spider plants, which remove certain chemicals. Both peace lilies and English ivy __10__ an additional chemical. 9.(A) most useful (B) usefullest (C) most usefullest (D) more usefuller (E) usefuller

38. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 These substances __5__ trapped in climate-controlled buildings. These pollutants are widespread, but the situation __6__ hopeless. Research originally conducted to help astronauts __7__ to a simple, effective solution— houseplants. Microorganisms in the roots of a potted plant __8__ with the plant to remove chemicals from the air. The __9__ plants include chrysanthemums and spider plants, which remove certain chemicals. Both peace lilies and English ivy __remove__ an additional chemical. 10.(A) removes (B) they remove (C) removed (D) were removing (E) remove

39. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 In the 1980s, several health problems suffered by office workers _were identified_ as symptoms of an ailment called sick building syndrome. Besides fatigue and eye irritation, _these_ symptoms included headaches, sore throats, colds, and flu. Sick building syndrome, _which_ has been responsible for a huge rise in absenteeism, can also cause a significant drop in productivity. The problems resulting from the syndrome _most likely__ are caused by indoor chemical pollutants. These substances _become_ trapped in climate-controlled buildings. These pollutants are widespread, but the situation _is in no way_ hopeless. Research originally conducted to help astronauts _has led_ to a simple, effective solution— houseplants. Microorganisms in the roots of a potted plant _interact_ with the plant to remove chemicals from the air. The _most useful_ plants include chrysanthemums and spider plants, which remove certain chemicals. Both peace lilies and English ivy _remove_ an additional chemical. Answers 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. E

40. The End