1. STEM-Field Investigations

2. 1.Setting the Stage 2.Asking Questions and Defining Problems 3.Planning and Carrying Out Investigations Engaging in Field Investigations

3. Field Investigation Process- p. 5  Questioning  Planning field investigation  Carrying out investigation-Collecting Data  Analyzing data  Constructing Explanations-Conclusions  Engaging in Argument-Discussion

4. Science and Engineering Practices 1.Asking questions (S) and defining problems (E) 2.Developing and using models 3.Planning and carrying out investigations 4.Analyzing and interpreting data 5.Using mathematics and computational thinking 6.Constructing explanations (S) and designing solutions (E) 7.Engaging in argument from evidence 8.Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

5. Setting the Stage-Developing Background knowledge Content background (systems understanding) is crucial to asking good questions.

6. Pervious Surface vs. Impervious Surface

7. Then and Now Redondo Beach Upland Area Des Moines, WA-1965 Redondo Beach Upland Area Des Moines, WA- 2010 From Project Learning Tree-Mapping your Community Through Time and Project WILD- Then and Now

8. Local System Make a group drawing of the local system Identify pervious and impervious surfaces on your group drawing. Pervious surface Impervious surface

9. Real World Problem Background-Stormwater When this building was constructed they had to consider stormwater runoff Stormwater Runoff Problem-75% of Puget Sound pollution is due to stormwater runoff over the land District gets tax credit for raingardens and other efforts to clean and reduce stormwater runoff District gets tax credit for curriculum that deals with polluted stormwater runoff

10. Different types of Pervious Surfaces Or Different Permeability

11. Background-Stormwater and Soils Read Background Information: Surface Permeability and Different Land Surfaces

12. Land surface permeability Investigation Focus (Essential) Question: Which types of land surfaces allow water to percolate (soak in), and which cause water to run off the ground?

13. Land surface permeability Investigation Problem Question: How can we improve percolation of water on our school campus and our watershed to reduce pollution in and quantity of stormwater runoff?

14. Land surface permeability Investigation Comparative Investigation Question: What effect does land surface type (grass sod v. mulch v. bare soil) have on percolation time through the soil? MulchGrass SodBare Soil

15. Comparative Investigation Question What effect does land surface type (grass sod v. mulch v. bare soil) have on percolation time through the soil?

16. Comparative Investigation Question What effect does land surface type (grass sod v. mulch v. bare soil) have on percolation time through the soil? Underline the manipulated (independent) variable

17. Comparative Investigation Question What effect does land surface type (grass sod v. mulch v. bare soil) have on percolation time through the soil? Underline the manipulated (independent) variable

18. Comparative Investigation Question What effect does land surface type (grass sod v. mulch v. bare soil) have on percolation time through the soil? Double underline the responding (dependent) variable

19. Comparative Investigation Question What effect does land surface type (grass sod v. mulch v. bare soil) have on percolation time through the soil? Double underline the responding (dependent) variable

20. Procedure 1.Read the procedure Page 1 Student Sheets

21. Procedure Demonstration of the procedure

22. Procedure-page 28 Following the code given on page 28 of the FI guide, annotate the Permeability procedure

23. Procedure-page 28 1.Underline the manipulated variable in the procedure

24. Procedure 1.Underline the manipulated variable in the procedure 2.Double underline the responding variable in the procedure

25. Procedure 1.Underline the manipulated variable in the procedure 2.Double underline the responding variable in the procedure 3.Circle all of the controlled variables in the procedure

26. Procedure 1.Read the procedure 2.Underline the manipulated variable in the procedure 3.Double underline the responding variable in the procedure 4.Circle all of the controlled variables in the procedure 5.Draw a diagram of the procedure

27. Controlled (Kept the Same) Variables What are the controlled variables in this in this investigation?

28. Collect Data-Jobs Each group will be a trial and will go to all 3 land surface types 1.Timekeeper- times the water as it soaks into the surface (timer) 2.Water pourer- Pours water into the can (water, measuring cup) 3.Data Recorder- records results in the Data Chart (clipboard, data table, pencil) 4.Keeper of the Can - pushes the can into the testing surfaces (can, trowel)

29. Question: What effect does land surface type (grass sod v. mulch v. bare soil) have on percolation time through the soil? Prediction:________________________________________________________________________ Date______________________Time____________Weather___________________ Study site (location) ___________________Study site Description ____________________________ Materials: _____________________________________________________________________ Land Surface vs. Percolation Time (seconds) Land Surface Type Percolation Time (seconds) Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3Trial 4Trial 5Trial 6Trial 7Trial 8 Ave Grass Sod9.230 300 + 97 33. 69 109.9 96.6 Gravel walkway5.3130178.9 7.4 6 10. 3 29.8 Land Surface Permeability Investigation

30. DATE TIME PLACE

31. Cans with both ends cut off Stopwatch Measuring cup Trowel Jug of water List Materials

32. Write a prediction with reason – Address one condition of the manipulated (changed) variable – What do you predict you will observe or measure with this condition – Give reason Hypothesis Prediction

33. Write a prediction – Address one condition of the manipulated (changed) variable – What do you predict you will observe or measure with this condition Prediction

34. Hypothesis/Prediction Grass SodMulch Bare Soil Write a hypothesis/prediction for which land surface type will have the fastest percolation time.

35. Let’s Go Collect Data! Grass SodMulchBare Soil

36. Question: What effect does land surface type (grass sod v. mulch v. bare soil) have on percolation time through the soil? Prediction:________________________________________________________________________ Date______________________Time____________Weather___________________ Study site (location) ___________________Study site Description ____________________________ Materials: _____________________________________________________________________ Land Surface vs. Percolation Time (seconds) Land Surface Type Percolation Time (seconds) Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3Trial 4Trial 5Trial 6Trial 7Trial 8 Ave Grass Sod Mulch Bare Soil Collect and Organize Data

37. Analyzing Data Calculate the average Percolation Time for each type of land surface for the class trials

38. Question: What effect does land surface type (grass sod v. mulch v. bare soil) have on percolation time through the soil? Prediction:________________________________________________________________________ Date______________________Time____________Weather___________________ Study site (location) ___________________Study site Description ____________________________ Materials: _____________________________________________________________________ Land Surface vs. Percolation Time (seconds) Land Surface Type Percolation Time (seconds) Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3Trial 4Trial 5Trial 6Trial 7Trial 8 Ave Grass Sod Mulch Bare Soil Analyzing Data

39. Organizing and Analyzing Data - page 31 Dearborn Park Elementary, March 18, 2005 2:30 pm Average Temperature °F on top of the Ground at 3 Locations 63 °F 51 °F 50 °F x x x Loca tion Surface Temperature °F Tria l 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Ave °F Under a bush 515450 51 On the Black top 656859 63 On the open Grass 50514948 50 Graphs Maps Tables

40. Analyzing Data-Charts

41. Analyzing Data-Graphs p.31 Dearborn Park Elementary, March 18, 2005 2:30 pm Average Temperature °C on top of the Ground at 3 Locations Surface Temperature °C Under the bush On the black top On the open grass

42. Analyzing Data-Maps Dearborn Park Elementary, March 18, 2005 2:30 pm Average Temperature °C on top of the Ground at 3 Locations 17 °C 11 °C 10 °C Under a bush On the grass On the blacktop x x x

43. Analyzing Data-Graphs Resource Harvard Forest Schoolyard Graphing Manual

44. Constructing Explanations- Conclusions Write a conclusion for the Land Surface Permeability Investigation. Rubric page 86

45. 1.Limits conclusion to place, date, and time of investigation 2.A conclusive statement clearly answers the investigation question Or answers the prediction 3.Lowest supporting data 4.Highest supporting data or trend data 5.Explanatory Language Conclusion Rubric on Page 86

46. Discuss factors that may have influenced data Discuss improvements to the procedure Explain how this information might be important in the real world Explain how this information should inform actions or decisions Explain any inconsistent data Cite further questions for investigation Discussion

47. Engaging in Argument from Evidence Discuss Questions 1-3 with your group

48. Engaging in Argument from Evidence Read Student Reading #4

49. Engaging in Argument from Evidence Claims Evidence Reasoning

50. Let’s Do Lunch!

51. 51 TAKE A BREAK!

52. 1.Asking questions (S) and defining problems (E) 2.Developing and using models 3.Planning and carrying out investigations 4.Analyzing and interpreting data 5.Using mathematics and computational thinking 6.Constructing explanations (S) and designing solutions (E) 7.Engaging in argument from evidence 8.Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information http://www.nextgenscience.org/sites/ngss/files/Appendix%20F%20%20Science%20and%20En gineering%20Practices%20in%20the%20NGSS%20-%20FINAL%20060513.pdf NGSS- Science and Engineering Practices

53. A.Defining and delimiting engineering problems involves stating the problem to be solved as clearly as possible in terms of criteria for success, and constraints or limits. B. Designing solutions to engineering problems begins with generating a number of different possible solutions, then evaluating potential solutions to which ones best meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. C. Optimizing the design solution involves a process in which solutions are systematically tested and refined and the final design is improved by trading off less important features for those that are more important. http://www.nextgenscience.org/sites/ngss/files/Appendix%20I%20- %20Engineering%20Design%20in%20NGSS%20-%20FINAL_V2.pdf NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas- Engineering Design