1. Quick Intro to Business Process Re-engineering Basic Introduction Important notice: –This handout is a much simplified version of three handouts: –11.2 Object modelling –11.3 Dynamic modelling and Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) –11.4 Theories Underlying Approaches to Systems Modelling You can find the original documents at: http://www.robinbt2.free-online.co.uk/virtualclassroom/contents.htm

2. Purpose of modelling

3. Aims of Modelling Social Engineering  Change agent  Support / facilitation    Gain Understanding  Encourage group working 

4. Modelling paradigms Object orientated –OMT –UML (Unified Modelling Language)

5. Objects

6. Objects & Classes Class = Template –In databases = table definition Object = Instance –In databases = a record

7. Classes Amount of detail shown may vary

8. Views A model is always context specific. It is never purely a reflection of reality - whatever that is!

9. Data / Activities Objects / classes have two aspects: –Data = static aspect –Activities = dynamic aspect

10. Dynamic aspects= Sequence Diagrams (Event traces in OMT)

11. Enhancements to the sequence diagram

12. Sequence diagrams - Issues Guard condition Incremental development Limitations

13. Exercise: Device a sequence diagram for: 1 Two situations (scenarios) involving yourself at work. 2 Items of service claims forms for GPs, 3 Clinical audit within a Hospital department, 4 Multidisciplinary assessment in the community, 5 Commissioning negotiation. 6 A & E Assessment 7 Care Programme Approach review meeting in Psychiatry

14. (Business) Process Re-engineering (BPR) Before

15. After BPR

16. Looking at single objects (state diagrams)

17. Limitations of BPR Never lived up to initial expectations. original idea radical restructuring of organisations Now a more gradualist, participative approach Why?: –1. BPR methods are crude i.e job satisfaction, informal methods of communication, etc. not analysed –-> more qualitative (i.e. ethnographic) techniques e.g. video analysis ->problems regarding -> quality -> generalisability. –2. Implementation of change not managed.

18. Summary Systems modelling -> change agent Object oriented modelling Unified Modelling Language (UML) Objects Classes Views PTO

19. Summary (cont.) Sequence Diagrams: Additions to Sequence diagrams Incremental development Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) Limitations of BPR State Diagrams Appendix - Additional information: –References –Useful Internet links