1. Reconstruction of the Torn States What happened after the Civil War? Did the US come back together?

2. Reuniting the Nation…  Imagine that you are a government official in charge of creating a Reconstruction plan that would readmit the Confederate states to the union after the Civil War. List five requirements that you would make the Confederate states meet before you allow them back into the Union.

3. Change or Continuity? (Creating a useful graphic organizer..)  Reconstruction  Lincoln’s Assassination  Ku Klux Klan  Civil Rights Act of 1866  Thirteenth Amendment  Fourteenth Amendment  Fifteenth Amendment  Scalawags  Carpetbaggers  Sharecropping  Tenant Farming  End of Reconstruction – Compromise after election of 1876

4. What was the South like after the CW?  Cities, banks, transportation lines destroyed - destruction, AppomattoxdestructionAppomattox  Communication system disrupted.  “Loot” of war removed

5. What did “Freedom” mean for African - Americans?  Separate churches formed  Travel to meet relatives  Juneteenth Celebrations link link News 6-19link News 6-19  “Forty acres and a Mule” idea? maybe?maybe?

6. What were the plans for Reconstruction?  Lincoln’s Plan (10% Amnesty) linklink  Wade-Davis Bill (1. Ban slavery 2. Majority give Oath of Allegiance)  13th Amendment (Jan. 1865) - made slavery illegal in all states  Freedman’s Bureau - brought food, education, legal support, organizingorganizing

7. Impact of Lincoln’s Assassination?  Andrew Johnson assumed duties after shooting of Lincoln shooting  Offered amnesty (7000 responded)  Set up new South State governments w/ representatives  Radical Republicans arise in North, Thaddeus Stevens Thaddeus Stevens  “Black Codes” formed in South - State laws to restrict Blacks to farm labor, servitude, w/ limited rights, illustrationsillustrations

8. Who were the Radical Republicans?  Northern politicians who feared loyal Confederates  Thaddeus Stephens and Charles Sumner led group opposition Thaddeus Stephens and Charles Sumner opposition  Against Black Codes  Endorsed and passed Civil Rights Act of 1866  14th Amendment also passed (1866) - guaranteed equal protection under law

9. What’s happening on the Southern streets?  Riots occurred in Memphis and New Orleans where Blacks were targeted  image image

10. Impact of 1866 Elections?  Congress went to Republicans - called for new Reconstruction  Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan(1867) passed - divided South into 5 sections under military - demanded acceptance of 14th amend, linklink  Later, the Impeachment of Andrew Johnson began after he “illegally fired a staff member”- he avoided impeachment by one vote, background background

11. Impact of Election of 1868?  Ulysses S. Grant became Pres. - “Let us have peace”  Later - 15th Amendment Passed (last of Civil War Amendments) - granted African-American men the right to vote - many white women were upset they weren’t included, results illustratedresults illustrated

12. Reconstruction Developments?  Carpetbaggers (Northern born Republicans) and Scalawags (Southern Republicans) were identified and targeted in South  African Americans sought political representation (600 in State Leg.’s, 16 in Congress, Hiram Revels (first) and Blanche Bruce in Senate) picpic  Large amounts of money went to infrastructure improvements (RR’s, Schools..)

13. Opposition to Reconstruction?  KKK - Secret society organized in 1866 to intimidate African Americans 1 212  Local and State Officials did little  Sam Hose story linklink

14. Impact of Federal Changes?  Compromise of 1877 - Pres. Election results b/t Hayes(Rep) and Tilden(Dem) disputed - Dems accepted Hayes if Federal Troops removed from South (end of Fed. Reconst.)

15. Turning Back the Clock?  “Redeemers” were regaining power in South - wanted to reduce size of state gov. and limit rights to African Americans  Poll Tax with “Grandfather Clause” and Literacy Tests - all designed to deny voting to African Americans  “Jim Crow” Laws-enforced segregation(link &)link&)  Plessy v. Ferguson - Homer Plessy denied seat in First Class section of train - “Separate but Equal” ruling by Supreme Court. 11

16. Attempts to create “New South”?  Sharecropping - system of farming where African Americans used crops as payments for rent/land/equipment  Southern Industries - new RR lines and Telegraphs assisted growth of Textile Mills  Southern Lit. and Arts - “Plantation Ideals” celebrated  African-American Gospel Music - sung in churches; refined at Fisk University