1. © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Guide to College Reading, 6/e Kathleen T. McWhorter Chapter 13 Interpreting the Writer’s Message and Purpose PowerPoint by JoAnn Yaworski

2. © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers This Chapter Will Show You How to:  Recognize words that suggest positive and negative attitudes  Make inferences about what you read  Understand figurative language  Discover the author’s purpose  Recognize tone

3. © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Connotative Meanings  Crowd  Mob  Gang  Audience  Congregation  Class Crowd suggests a large, disorganized group. Additional implied meanings:

4. © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Denotative Meaning  Is the meaning stated in the dictionary.  Its literal meaning.

5. © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Clues to Implied Meaning  Description  Action  Conversation  Writer’s Commentary / Details

6. © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers How to Make Inferences  Be sure you understand the literal meaning.  Notice details.  Add up the facts.  Watch for clues.  Be sure your inference is supported.

7. © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Figurative Language  Figurative language is a way of describing something that makes sense on an imaginative level but not on a factual or literal level.

8. © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Purpose of Figurative Language  To paint a word picture.  To help you visualize how something looks, feels, or smells. Ex: “Sam eats like a horse.” A horse eats large amounts of food. Sam eats like a horse. Sam eats large amounts of food.

9. © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Understanding the Author’s Purpose  To give information  To persuade  To amuse you  To explain  To give advice

10. © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Style & Intended Audience The characteristics that make a writer unique are known as style.  Writers can create different effects.  Writers can vary their styles to suit their intended audiences.

11. © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Different Types of Audiences  General-interest audience  Medical doctors  Skiing enthusiasts  Antique collectors  Religious groups

12. © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Tone  Instructive  Sympathetic  Persuasive  Humorous  Nostalgic

13. © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Visit the Longman Companion Website http://www.ablongman.com/mcwhorter Take a Road Trip to the Great Lakes! Visit the Inference module in your Reading Road Trip CD-ROM for multimedia tutorials, exercises, and tests.