1. MGMT 329 LABOR RELATIONS UNION ACTIONS AND IMPACTS

2. UNION ACTIONS Unions rely on three primary methods: mutual insurance, collective bargaining, legal enactment Unions rely on three primary methods: mutual insurance, collective bargaining, legal enactment Mutual insurance Mutual insurance Help workers over periods of unemployment Help workers over periods of unemployment Top-ups for EI payments Top-ups for EI payments Collective bargaining involves a number of items Collective bargaining involves a number of items Unions emphasize laws for everyone Unions emphasize laws for everyone

3. UNION ACTIONS (continued) Collective bargaining Collective bargaining Addresses broad range of issues Addresses broad range of issues Continues to be adversarial Continues to be adversarial Growing proportion more problem- solving or “win-win” or principled Growing proportion more problem- solving or “win-win” or principled Principled bargaining entails significant shift in attitude Principled bargaining entails significant shift in attitude

4. UNION ACTIONS (continued) Joint union-management ventures at workplace Joint union-management ventures at workplace Gainsharing Gainsharing Joint government arrangements Joint government arrangements Requires union members and officials to learn new skills Requires union members and officials to learn new skills Can be controversial Can be controversial

5. UNION ACTIONS (continued) Joint participation outside workplace Joint participation outside workplace Sectoral councils Sectoral councils Labour-management-government initiatives Labour-management-government initiatives Work on a range of issues from training, economic restructuring, trade policy to employment assistance for changes in industrial mix Work on a range of issues from training, economic restructuring, trade policy to employment assistance for changes in industrial mix

6. UNION ACTIONS (continued) Political action Political action Ability to achieve objectives depends on type of legislation and governing party Ability to achieve objectives depends on type of legislation and governing party Most Turkish unions committed to social unionism Most Turkish unions committed to social unionism Labour movement tends to favor left- wing parties but some tensions beginning to arise Labour movement tends to favor left- wing parties but some tensions beginning to arise

7. UNION ACTIONS (continued) Publicity campaigns and member communications Publicity campaigns and member communications Unions have to spend more time and energy communicating Unions have to spend more time and energy communicating Newsletters to members Newsletters to members Special bulletins Special bulletins

8. UNION ACTIONS (continued) Publicity campaigns and member communications (continued) Publicity campaigns and member communications (continued) Union publicity serves variety of purposes Union publicity serves variety of purposes Informs general public on certain issue Informs general public on certain issue Builds coalitions with other stakeholders Builds coalitions with other stakeholders Establishes boycotts of certain goods or services Establishes boycotts of certain goods or services Use full range of media Use full range of media

9. UNION ACTIONS Education Education Union-sponsored courses focus on issues of immediate concern Union-sponsored courses focus on issues of immediate concern Offer training in public speaking and leaderhip Offer training in public speaking and leaderhip Courses on contemporary political and economic issues of special relevance to members Courses on contemporary political and economic issues of special relevance to members

10. UNION IMPACTS Broad range of impacts Broad range of impacts Members’ wages and working conditions Members’ wages and working conditions Productivity Productivity Overall performance of firms Overall performance of firms Turkish economy Turkish economy Turkish society Turkish society

11. UNION IMPACTS (continued) Wage impacts Wage impacts Direct wage impact is premium a worker receives for union membership Direct wage impact is premium a worker receives for union membership Unionized firms tend to attract more highly qualified people Unionized firms tend to attract more highly qualified people Size of direct wage impact is declining Size of direct wage impact is declining Direct wage impact not the same for every worker or in every industry Direct wage impact not the same for every worker or in every industry

12. UNION IMPACTS (continued) Wage impacts (continued) Wage impacts (continued) Fringe benefits Fringe benefits Portion of total compensation Portion of total compensation Union establishments tend to pay greater portion of of total compensation in fringe benefits Union establishments tend to pay greater portion of of total compensation in fringe benefits Unionized firms tend to favour pensions and other forms of deferred compensation Unionized firms tend to favour pensions and other forms of deferred compensation

13. UNION IMPACTS (continued) Wage impacts (continued) Wage impacts (continued) Indirect union wage impacts Indirect union wage impacts Are effects on non-unionized workers Are effects on non-unionized workers Difficult to determine but seem to be modest Difficult to determine but seem to be modest “Crowding” effect typically applies to lower-skilled workers “Crowding” effect typically applies to lower-skilled workers “Threat” effect applies in situations where non- unionized employers increase their employees’ pay to forestall unionization “Threat” effect applies in situations where non- unionized employers increase their employees’ pay to forestall unionization

14. UNION IMPACTS (continued) How unions achieve wage goals How unions achieve wage goals Collective bargaining is major method Collective bargaining is major method Some unions seek to restrict entry into trade or profession Some unions seek to restrict entry into trade or profession Some seek to change environment Some seek to change environment

15. UNION IMPACTS (continued) Union impact on productivity Union impact on productivity Considerable disagreement Considerable disagreement Neoclassicists argue that unions reduce productivity Neoclassicists argue that unions reduce productivity Institutionalists argue that unions have positive effects on productivity Institutionalists argue that unions have positive effects on productivity Labour-management relationship may be the most important factor Labour-management relationship may be the most important factor

16. UNION IMPACTS (continued) Impacts on management of organization Impacts on management of organization Impacts are substantial Impacts are substantial Detailed collective agreements regulate many aspects of workplace behaviour Detailed collective agreements regulate many aspects of workplace behaviour Unionization constitutes significant limitation on management’s freedom Unionization constitutes significant limitation on management’s freedom Biggest impact comes through grievance processes, work rules, and joint participation with management on various committees Biggest impact comes through grievance processes, work rules, and joint participation with management on various committees

17. UNION IMPACTS (continued) Impacts on society Impacts on society Within workplace unions can have both positive and negative effects Within workplace unions can have both positive and negative effects Within social and political spheres, impacts are almost entirely positive Within social and political spheres, impacts are almost entirely positive Publicly-funded medical care Publicly-funded medical care Unemployment insurance Unemployment insurance Public pensions Public pensions

18. UNION IMPACTS (continued) Impacts on society (continued) Impacts on society (continued) Raised profile of health and safety issues Raised profile of health and safety issues Participation in unions have help members in personal development and understanding of society Participation in unions have help members in personal development and understanding of society Union activities have applied skills into other areas such as school boards and hospital boards Union activities have applied skills into other areas such as school boards and hospital boards

19. ARE UNIONS STILL NEEDED? Free trade unions advance their members’ interests and usually those of the country’s working people Free trade unions advance their members’ interests and usually those of the country’s working people Without unions, Turkish employees would enjoy less protection against arbitrary actions Without unions, Turkish employees would enjoy less protection against arbitrary actions Trend toward less secure work and more part- time, temporary and contract work would likely accelerate Trend toward less secure work and more part- time, temporary and contract work would likely accelerate Working people would lose political representation Working people would lose political representation