1. The World in Spatial Terms “Where are we?” Absolute Location: Absolute Location: Latitude and longitude (global location)Latitude and longitude (global location) Sugar Land is located at 29 ° N, 96 ° WSugar Land is located at 29 ° N, 96 ° W Street address (local location)Street address (local location)

2. The World in Spatial Terms Relative Location: Relative Location: Described by landmarks, time, distance from one place to another, etc.Described by landmarks, time, distance from one place to another, etc. Sugar Land is southwest of Houston Sugar Land is southwest of Houston College Station is 1 hr 45 min away College Station is 1 hr 45 min away Israel is next to Lebanon & Jordan Israel is next to Lebanon & Jordan

4. GEOGRAPHY SKILLS PACKET

5. Lines of Latitude A.K.A.—”parallels” Measure distance north or south of the Equator North Pole: 90°N; South Pole: 90°S Arctic Circle: 66½°N; Antarctic Circle: 66½°S Tropic of Cancer: 23½°N; Tropic of Capricorn: 23½°S

6. North Pole, 90ºN Tropic of Capricorn, 23 1/2ºS Tropic of Cancer, 23 1/2ºN Antarctic Circle, 66 1/2ºS Arctic Circle, 66 1/2ºN South Pole, 90ºS

7. Lines of Longitude A.K.A.—Meridians Measures distance EAST or WEST of the Prime Meridian Eastern Hemisphere (east longitude) lies at places east of the Prime Meridian Western Hemisphere (west longitude) lies at places west of the Prime Meridian

8. The EQUATOR creates the Northern & Southern Hemisphere 0° latitude = Equator The PRIME MERIDIAN creates the Eastern & Western Hemisphere 0° longitude = Prime Meridian

9. Practice What major city has the following coordinates? What major city has the following coordinates? 41ºN, 73ºW (USA) New York City 41ºN, 73ºW (USA) New York City 33ºN, 13ºE (Africa) Tripoli, Libya 33ºN, 13ºE (Africa) Tripoli, Libya 33ºS, 71ºW (South America) Santiago, Chile 33ºS, 71ºW (South America) Santiago, Chile Name the global address of: Name the global address of: Hanoi, Vietnam 21 Hanoi, Vietnam 21°N, 105°E Athens, Greece 37 Athens, Greece 37°N, 23°E Tehran, Iran 35N, 51E Tehran, Iran 35°N, 51°E

10. Get out skills packet and begin working on the Projections section. Please read and follow the instructions.

11. Winkel Tripel Projection

12. Pros: Good balance of size & shape of land areas as shown on the maps No distortion Cons: None! This is the most widely used projection for world maps!!!

13. Robinson Projection

14. Pros Sizes & shapes near the edges of the map are accurate Cons Shapes of the polar areas are distorted (misshaped)

15. Goode’s Interrupted Equal-Area Projection

16. Pros The size & shape of the countries are true to size Cons Distances between countries are not true to size & not accurate

17. Mercator Projection

18. Pros: Directions are true to the map The shapes of the landmasses are accurate Cons: The size & distance becomes more inaccurate as you move away from the equator This is a commonly used projection (good for seafaring!)

19. Types of Maps General Purpose General Purpose Physical: shows topography (shape) of Earth Physical: shows topography (shape) of Earth Displays relief: differences in elevation, landforms, etc. Displays relief: differences in elevation, landforms, etc. Political: shows boundaries of countries, states, etc. Political: shows boundaries of countries, states, etc. Displays human-made features (capitals, roads, etc. Displays human-made features (capitals, roads, etc. Open to page 106 & 107 Open to page 106 & 107

20. Types of Maps Special Purpose Special Purpose Emphasize a particular kind of information Emphasize a particular kind of information Climate (pg 122) Climate (pg 122) Vegetation (pg 123) Vegetation (pg 123) Population density (pg 108) Population density (pg 108) Economic activity (pg 109) Economic activity (pg 109) Cartogram (RA38) Cartogram (RA38) Other Thematic Maps (AIDS, Child Labor, Oil Production, etc) Other Thematic Maps (AIDS, Child Labor, Oil Production, etc)