1. Q G Over-the-Air (OTA) Bit Management David Felland

2. Q G OTA Bit Management  New impacts on your transport stream Better coding efficiency in new HD encoders ○ Claims of 10-15% improvement ○ Potential for two 720p HD services in one transport stream – or other services More SD services from which to choose Mobile DTV Fixed and Mobile DTV Data Services

3. Q G OTA Bit Management  Options for broadcasters Reduced horizontal resolution (1440 vs 1920) Noise reduction of both HD and SD Modern statistical multiplexing 720p vs. 1080i ☺ X X ☺

4. Q G Sampling of Current Practice  Surveyed the ETAC 1-3 OTA services Different services plans among all members Focus on HD + national/local SD services  Surveyed the Washington stations Commercial stations have a much more consistent approach: ○ HD + Weather (and perhaps one other service)

5. Q G HDSD1SD2SD3SD4 PSIPData #1153--- 150k128k #2122.5 -- 250k1M+ 128k #3a1231.5-- 565k128k #3b-42-- 256k100k ETAC Members’ OTA Italics = Stat Mux Pool

6. Q G HDSD1SD2SD3SD4 PSIPData #4162--- 300k128k+ 100k #5a18---- ~200k128k #5b-43.50.7 242k128k #614---- 200k1M ETAC Members’ OTA (x4) (x2) Italics = Stat Mux Pool

7. Q G HDSD1SD2SD3SD4 PSIPData #711222- 250k- #811.5440.3- 250k250k+ 128k #9-3333 150k6M #10111.53.5-- 2M- ETAC Members’ OTA Italics = Stat Mux Pool

8. Q G HDSD1SD2SD3SD4 PSIPData #11a12.53.4 -- 150k 128k+ 110k #11b-3.4 150k 128k+ 110k #11c12.53.4 -- 150k 128k+ 110k #12122.1 -- 200k- ETAC Members’ OTA (x2) Italics = Stat Mux Pool

9. Q G HDSD1SD2SD3SD4 PSIPData #13116--- 180k128k #141033-- 150k1M+ 300k ETAC Members’ OTA Italics = Stat Mux Pool

10. Q G Comparison of Video Performance  Clip #1: 1080i @ 14 Mbps (MV500)  Clip #2: 1080i @ 12 Mbps (MV500)  Clip #3: 1080i @ 10 Mbps (MV500)  Clip #4: 720p @ 12 Mbps (MV500)  Clip #5: 720p @ 10 Mbps (MV500)  Clip #6: 720p @ 8 Mbps (MV500)  Clip #7: 720p @ 9 Mbps (Electra 8000)

11. Q G Mobile DTV Bandwidth Usage How much OTA spectrum is needed?  Mobile / Handheld service requirements Multiple modes – e.g., “Half-rate”, “Quarter-rate”, or a variety of “Mixed Modes” Many broadcasters will use Quarter or Mixed ○ Quarter  ~17% payload (83% FEC) ○ Mixed (e.g., ½, ¼, ¼, ¼)  ~ 26% (74% FEC) ○ Half  ~34% payload (66% FEC)

12. Q G Bandwidth Usage (bits) How much OTA spectrum is needed?  Mixed Mode examples (26%): One 500 kbps stream  ~1.92 Mbps ○ Video@400kbps; Audio@64kbps; Data@30kbps Two 500 kbps streams  ~3.85 Mbps  Quarter Rate examples (17%): One 500 kbps stream  ~2.94 Mbps ○ Video@400kbps; Audio@64kbps; Data@30kbps Two 500 kbps streams  ~5.88 Mbps

13. Q G DTV Spectrum Usage: ETAC Member #1 ~15 Mbps ~3 Mbps 150 kbps 128 kbps HD program PSIP SD program Data/Ancillary 19.4 Mb/s DTV Transport Stream Stat Mux Pool

14. Q G DTV Spectrum Usage: ETAC Member #2 ~12 Mbps ~2.5 Mbps 250 kbps 1Mbps+128 kbps HD program PSIP SD program Data/Ancillary ~2.5 Mbps SD program 19.4 Mb/s DTV Transport Stream Stat Mux Pool

15. Q G ETAC Member #1: One Mobile Service (Mixed) ~13.5 Mbps 19.4 Mb/s DTV Transport Stream ~2.5 Mbps 150 kbps 128 kbps HD program PSIP SD program Data/Ancillary ~2 Mbps Mobile program Stat Mux Pool

16. Q G ETAC Member #2: One Mobile Service (Mixed) ~11 Mbps ~2 Mbps 250 kbps 1Mbps+128 kbps HD program PSIP SD program Data/Ancillary ~2 Mbps SD program 19.4 Mb/s DTV Transport Stream Stat Mux Pool ~2 Mbps Mobile program

17. Q G Some Mobile Services  Simulcast of Local HD or SD Services  Simulcast of National HD or SD Services  Stand alone Local Mobile Services  National or Local Kids Service  “Radio” Services Audio Only – 16 – 48 kbps “Audio with Pictures” – same as Video/Audio

18. Q G DTV Spectrum Usage: ETAC Member #14 ~10 Mbps ~3 Mbps 150 kbps 1Mbps HD program PSIP SD program Data/Ancillary ~3 Mbps SD program 19.4 Mb/s DTV Transport Stream Stat Mux Pool

19. Q G ETAC Member #14: Multiple Mobile Services (Mixed) ~9.5 Mbps ~1.8 Mbps 250 kbps 1Mbps HD program PSIP SD program Data/Ancillary ~1.8 Mbps SD program 19.4 Mb/s DTV Transport Stream Stat Mux Pool ~2 Mbps Mobile program ~2 Mbps Mobile program Radio Services (100k)

20. Q G Other Stations: Possible Mobile Services (Mixed) ~11 Mbps 250 kbps HD program PSIP 19.4 Mb/s DTV Transport Stream Stat Mux Pool ~2 Mbps Mobile program ~2 Mbps Mobile program ~2 Mbps Weather Mobile program

21. Q G Other Stations: Possible Mobile Services (1/4 rate) ~11 Mbps 250 kbps HD program PSIP 19.4 Mb/s DTV Transport Stream Stat Mux Pool ~3 Mbps Mobile program ~3 Mbps Mobile program ~2 Mbps Weather

22. Q G Other Stations: Possible Mobile Services (Mixed) ~4.5 Mbps 100 kbps SD program PSIP 19.4 Mb/s DTV Transport Stream ~2 Mbps Mobile program ~2 Mbps Mobile program

23. Q G  Public television has used its spectrum to serve diverse audiences with more variety in content (“multicasting”) Pluses: greater range of services; potential higher value to individual communities Minuses: locked into audience expectations; stations are forced to balance video quality with service quantity Observations:

24. Q G  Many stations are moving to 720p replacing spatial resolution with temporal resolution Significantly reducing their blocking artifacts Reducing horizontal resolution  With an increase in demand for more services stations can improve their performance by Moving to 720p Replacing their HD encoders with the next generation

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36. Q G Video Examples

37. Q G Questions?