1. White-box Software Isolation with Fully Automated Black- box Proofs Jiaqi Tan Rajeev Gandhi, Priya Narasimhan PARALLEL DATA LABORATORY Carnegie Mellon University FMCAD 2015 Student Forum

2. Motivation Software Isolation Safety property of software: External user input cannot subvert and control software execution Ensures software is safe from potentially malicious input Where is it important? Safety-critical systems e.g., medical devices, avionics, cars Lack of isolation  Security vulnerabilities  Potentially catastrophic accidents Why White-box Isolation? Safety-critical systems: Need high-assurance Programmers need to see what safety-checks are doing Why Black-box Proofs? Many connected, potentially safety-critical Internet-of-Things devices  Many programmers writing code for such devices Need fully-automated, black-box (no expert input) proofs Jiaqi Tan © September 15http://www.pdl.cmu.edu/2

3. Black-Box Software Isolation Proofs Jiaqi Tan © September 15http://www.pdl.cmu.edu/3 Machine -code Source- code (e.g., C) Compilation void arraycopy(int *src, int *dst, int n) { unsigned int i; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { dst[i] = src[i]; } Computed memory write target: Dangerous Source-code Machine-code Key Insight 1: Potential isolation violations evident in machine-code  We can automate isolation proofs in machine-code

4. White-Box Software Isolation: Locations Jiaqi Tan © September 15http://www.pdl.cmu.edu/4 Machine -code Source- code (e.g., C) Compilation void arraycopy(int *src, int *dst, int n) { unsigned int i; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { dst[i] = src[i]; } Computed memory write target: Dangerous Debug information helps us resolve this (for unoptimized code) Source-code Machine-code Key Insight 2: We can identify source-code locations from machine-code addresses for potential isolation violations

5. White-Box Software Isolation: Hints for Remedies Jiaqi Tan © September 15http://www.pdl.cmu.edu/5 Source-code Machine-code void arraycopy (int *src, int *dst, int n) { unsigned int i; for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) { dst[i] = src[i]; } #define SAFE(array,idx) = …… if (SAFE(dst,i)) { }.... (safety check code).......... e1a02102 lsl r2, r2, #2 e51b1010 ldr r1, [fp, #-16] e0812002 add r2, r1, r2 e5922000 ldr r2, [r2] e50b3008 str r2 [r3] e51b3008 ldr r3, [fp, #-8] e2833001 add r3, r3, #1 e50b3008 str r3, [fp, #-8] e51b2018 ldr r2, [fp, #-24]...... Provides logic preconditions needed: Proves dangerous instruction is safe to run Compilation Machine- code Source-code (e.g., C) Compilation Key Insight 3: We can write code, SAFE(dst,i), which gives us the necessary logic pre-conditions for provable isolation

6. Visualization of Approach Jiaqi Tan © September 15http://www.pdl.cmu.edu/6 Machine- code Source-code (e.g., C) Software Isolation Proof Generation (AUSPICE) [1] Software Isolation Remedy Hint Generation Software isolation violations manifest in machine- code behavior  Prove isolation in machine- code Programmers can only observe this level of abstraction  Isolation enforcement mechanisms must be in source-code Compilation Safety Proof of Isolation Proof Success Proof Failure Hints for source- code remedies for safety violations Machine-code Addresses Responsible for Proof- Failure Programmer applies hints HOL4 and Cambridge ARM Logic [2] LLVM-Clang Tooling

7. References [1] Jiaqi Tan, Hui Jun Tay, Rajeev Gandhi, Priya Narasimhan. AUSPICE: Automatic Safety Property Verification for Unmodified Executables. In Working Conference on Verified Software: Tools, Theories and Experiments (VSTTE), July 2015. [2] Magnus Myreen, Anthony Fox, Michael Gordon. Hoare Logic for ARM Machine Code. In Fundamentals of Software Engineering (FSEN), 2007. Jiaqi Tan © September 15http://www.pdl.cmu.edu/7