1. IPv6 and Mobility in WiBro Youn-Hee Han yhhan@kut.ac.kr Korea University of Technology and Education Internet Computing Laboratory http://icl.kut.ac.kr IT FORUM KOREA 2008

2. Outline Recent Reports on IPv4 Depletion and IPv6 Adoption Web 2.0 and IPv6 IPv6 over WiBro IPv6 Mobility over WiBro Proxy Mobile IPv6 Conclusions & Discussion IT FORUM KOREA 20082/30

3. Recent Reports on IPv4 Depletion and IPv6 Adoption IT FORUM KOREA 20083/30

4. IT FORUM KOREA 20084/30 Recent Status of IPv4 Address Space Source: 72th IETF (July 2008)

5. Recent Status of IPv4 Address Space IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) - 인터넷 할당 번호 관리기관 RIR (Regional Internet Registry) - 대륙별 인터넷 레지스트리 - APNIC: (Asia Pacific Network Information Center) IT FORUM KOREA 20085/30 Report of “http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html” 2008-08-122008-05-10

6. KT’s Plan on IPv6 Commercial Service IT FORUM KOREA 20086/30

7. Web 2.0 and IPv6 IT FORUM KOREA 20087/30 Most conservative access model changes introducing “Carrier-Grade NAT (CGN)” Access Concentrator Internet Global v4 address CPE With NAT Global v4 address End Host Private v4 address FTTH ADSL Access Concentrator With NAT Internet Global v4 address CPE With NAT Private IPv4 address End Host Private v4 address Source: 72th IETF (July 2008)

8. Web 2.0 and IPv6 IT FORUM KOREA 20088/30 CGN looks v6 is not needed? No. CGN has serious restrictions. IPv6 is needed ! Each customer can have only some “limited” numbers of sessions simultaneously. “port number” is just 2bytes which means 64K For example, if 2000 customer shares same Global IPv4 address (please note that this is just for example), only 25 or 30 so sessions can be used by each customer at the worst case. Which means that:

9. Web 2.0 and IPv6 IT FORUM KOREA 20089/30 Max 30 ConnectionsMax 20 Connections Max 15 ConnectionsMax 10 Connections Source: 72th IETF (July 2008)

10. Web 2.0 and IPv6 IT FORUM KOREA 200810/30 Source: 72th IETF (July 2008) Examples of # of concurrent sessions AJAX applications break behind NAT  Too many connections exhaust public IP port space Webpage# of sessions No operation 5 ～ 10 Yahoo top page 10 ～ 20 Google image search 30 ～ 60 Nico Nico Douga 50 ～ 80 OCN photo friend170 ～ 200+ iTunes 230 ～ 270 iGoogle 80 ～ 100 Rakuten 50 ～ 60 Amazon90 HMV100 YouTube90

11. IPv6 over WiBro IT FORUM KOREA 200811/30

12. IPv6 Link over WiBro Network Architecture IPv6 & Network Model in WiBro/IEEE 802.16 IPv6 Protocol Suite (Neighbor) PSS IT FORUM KOREA 200812/30

13. IPv6 Link over WiBro Network Architecture PSS 1 PSS 2 PSS 3 PSS 4 PSS 5 PSS 6 RAS 1 RAS 2 RAS 3 ACR 1 ACR 2 Components PSS: Portable Subscriber Station, RAS: Radio Access Station (Omniscient) ACR: Access Control Router  Knows about all PSSs and RASs attached to itself  Only one ACR at any PSS and RAS  the first hop access router of a PSS. A transport connection always exists between PSS and ACR PSS – RAS: IEEE 802.16 MAC connection  Connection ID RAS – ACR: GRE Tunnel All traffic go through an AR.  an PSS's on-link neighbor is only an AR. IT FORUM KOREA 200813/30

14. Link Model IEEE 802.16 Link IPv6 Link (Subnet) PSS1 BS (RAS) AR (ACR) PSS3 PSS2 From the viewpoint of IPv6 ND, BS is just link-level bridge. Unlike IEEE 802.11, however, IEEE 802.16 BS is always acting as the termination point for a communication by using Connection ID instead of MAC address IEEE 802.11 MAC Header Frame Control Duration ID Addr 1Addr 2Addr 3Addr 4 Sequence Control 2266662 802.11 MAC Header Bytes: Recipient Addr. Transmitter Addr. 802.16 MAC Header FromDS: Original Source Addr., ToDS: Final Destination Addr. Special Addr. IEEE 802.16 Link vs. IPv6 Link (Subnet) IT FORUM KOREA 200814/30

15. Convergence Sub-layer Determination PSS 1 BS (RAS) AR (ACR) PSS 3 PSS 2 Ethernet Header (Source MAC, Destination MAC) IPv6 Header (Source IP, Destination IP) Ethernet Header (Source MAC, Destination MAC) IPv6 Header (Source IP, Destination IP) PSS 1 BS (RAS) AR (ACR) PSS 3 PSS 2 IPv6 Header (Source IP, Destination IP) IPv4 or IPv6 Header (Source IP, Destination IP) GRE Header DATA Payload IPv6 Header (Source IP, Destination IP) DATA Payload Ethernet CS/Bridging (fixed/nomadic WiMAX networks) IP CS/GRE Tunnel (cellular-style networks, e.g., WiBro) Ethernet Header (Source MAC, Destination MAC) CS: Convergence Sub-layer IT FORUM KOREA 200815/30

16. Subnet Model Determination IPv6 subnet models Shared Prefix Model  One (or more) prefixes advertised on the link  No native on-link multicast is possible with this method. However ACR can implement proxy mechanism  All PSSs send the packets to ACR irrespective of the destination link local scope packets are relayed by ACR  WiMAX has chosen it. [RFC 4968, Aug. 2007] [RFC 5181, May 2008] L3 L2 PSS 1 RAS ACR Wireless Peer-to-Peer Connection GRE Tunnel IPv6 (Shared Prefix Model) L2 RAS GRE Tunnel L3 PSS 2 IPv6 (Shared Prefix Model) IT FORUM KOREA 200816/30

17. Subnet Model Determination IPv6 subnet models Point-to-point Link Model  the unique prefix per PSS  Only an ACR and a PSS belong to an IPv6 link.  Most IPv6 functionalities can be implemented without difficulty.  e.g., DAD might be needless  Suitable to Cellular-like model (e.g., WiBro) L3 L2 PSS 1 RAS ACR Wireless Peer-to-Peer Connection GRE Tunnel IPv6 (Unique Prefix Model) L2 RAS GRE Tunnel L3 PSS 2 IPv6 (Unique Prefix Model) [RFC 4968, Aug. 2007] [RFC 5181, May 2008] IT FORUM KOREA 200817/30

18. IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Service Router (ACR)/Prefix/Parameters Discovery How to deliver Router information, Prefix, Link MTU to PSS? Original  Unsolicited RA or RS/RA exchange in multicast manner WiMAX/WiBro Approach  Unsolicited Unicast RA when PSS attaches to network  RS/RA exchange in unicast manner Stateless Address Auto-configuration & DAD Should we support “ stateless auto-conf. ” in WiBro? Yes. How to DAD? WiMAX/WiBro Approach  Relay DAD Omniscient ACR knows about all PSSs ’ addresses attached to itself ACR may relay DAD messages to the destination IT FORUM KOREA 200818/30

19. IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Service Next-hop Determination & (Neighbor) Address Resolution Next-hop Determination  Destination IPv6 Address → A Neighbor or A router? Address Resolution  A Neighbor or A router → Link-layer Address (MAC) WiMAX/WiBro Approach  ACR is the only neighbor for a PSS. So, it is simple Neighbor Unreachability Detection How to know whether a neighbor node is reachable? How to DAD? WiMAX/WiBro Approach  ACR is the only neighbor for a PSS. So, it is simple  We may do this from link-layer event notification Redirect ACR notifies a PSS of the better next-hop WiMAX/WiBro Approach: No Use. IT FORUM KOREA 200819/30

20. IPv6 Mobility over WiBro IT FORUM KOREA 200820/30

21. PMIPv6 History IT FORUM KOREA 200821/30 3GPP, 3GPP2 and WiMAX operators have been showing their STRONG interests for network-based IP mobility solution IETF NetLMM WG have standardized Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6, RFC 5213) 72 th (08.07) RFC 5213 on going… DT: NetLMM Design Team

22. PMIPv6 Overview LMM (Localized Mobility Management) Domain MAG LMA Proxy Binding Update/Ack. (PBU/PBA) Control message sent by MAG to LMA to establish a binding between MN-HoA and Proxy-CoA Home Network Proxy Care of Address (Proxy-CoA) The address of MAG That will be the tunnel end-point IP Tunnel IP-in-IP tunnel between LMA and MAG MAG LMA: Localized Mobility Agent MAG: Mobile Access Gateway LMA Address (LMAA) MN’ Home Address (MN-HoA) MN continues to use it as long as it roams within a same domain That will be the tunnel entry-point MN’s Home Network (Topological Anchor Point) MN’s Home Network Prefix (MN-HNP) CAFE:2:/64 movement IT FORUM KOREA 200822/30

23. PMIPv6 Overview Assumptions (or Restrictions) Link between MN(PSS) and MAG is a point-to-point link (not shared link)  Logically exclusive layer 3 link between MN and MAG Per-MN Prefix model  unique home network prefix is assigned to MN Support both Steteless and Stateful address configuration modes AR(ACR)/MAG MN(PSS)... MN(PSS) Point-to-point link Per-MN Prefix IT FORUM KOREA 200823/30

24. PMIPv6 Operation Flow MNMAG/ACRAAA&Policy StoreLMACN MN Attachment AAA Query with MN-ID AAA Reply with Profile PBU with Proxy-CoA, MN-ID, Timestamp option PBA with MN-ID, Home Network Prefix option Router Advertisement (Home Network Prefix) [MN-HoA:CN](data) [Proxy-CoA:LMAA][MN-HoA:CN](data) [MN-HoA:CN](data) Tunnel Setup PBU: Proxy Binding Update PBA: Proxy Binding Ack. DHCP Server DHCP Request DHCP Response DHCP Request DHCP Response Optional Default GW & Address Configuration IT FORUM KOREA 200824/30

25. Network Model in PMIPv6 over WiBro/IEEE 802.16 PMIPv6 over WiBro IP Network Internet E R ACR/MAG L2 Switch RAS PSS LMA AAA/Policy Store AC R DNS NMS IT FORUM KOREA 200825/30

26. Protocol Stacks in PMIPv6 over WiBro/IEEE 802.16 PMIPv6 Implementation over WiBro RAS ACR/MAG PSS IPv6 Header (Source IP, Destination IP) GRE Header DATA Payload IPv6 Header (Source IP, Destination IP) DATA Payload Ethernet Header (Source MAC, Destination MAC) LMA DATA Payload IPv6 Header (Source IP, Destination IP) GRE Tunnel Ethernet Header (Source MAC, Destination MAC) AAA/ Policy Server Data Packets IP-in-IP Tunnel IPv6 Header (Source IP, Destination IP) DATA Payload IPv6 Header (Source IP, Destination IP) Ethernet Header (Source MAC, Destination MAC) Operator GW Mobility Header IPv6 Header (Source IP, Destination IP) Ethernet Header (Source MAC, Destination MAC) PMIP6 Signaling IT FORUM KOREA 200826/30

27. PMIPv6 Handover Procedure over WiBro PMIPv6 Protocol in WiBro Handover Procedure IT FORUM KOREA 200827/30

28. MIPv6 vs. PMIPv6 Testbed Setup over IEEE 802.11 IT FORUM KOREA 200828/30 [MAG, LMA] Debian 3.1, Linux Kernel 2.6.10 [CN, MN] Windows XP, SP2 [VoD Streaming Software] VLC media server [IEEE 802.1x Authentication] MD5/EAPoL + RADIUS MIPv6 Software Stacks on HA, MN : MIPL (Helsinki University of Technology) PMIPv6 Software Stacks on LMA, MAG : We have been implementing them since 2007

29. MIPv6 vs. PMIPv6 Test Results (will be presented at MobiWorld 2008 conference) IT FORUM KOREA 200829/30 UDP Throughput of MIPv6UDP Throughput of PMIPv6

30. IPv4 is limited! Web 2.0 & IPv6 IPv6 Deployment in WiBro IP CS Point-to-Point Subnet Model IPv6 Protocol Adaptation to WiBro IPv6 Mobility in WiBro PMIPv6 is recommended and its deployment is easy PMIPv6 outperforms MIPv6 Conclusions IT FORUM KOREA 200830/30