1. FINAL EXAM PP III – ecology

2. A=abiota B=biota Tree Rock Water Air Bird human B A A A (nonliving) B B (living)

3. Matching: Large area with similar climate, soil, and plants and animals The Planet of living and nonliving things All the organisms in a particular place + their nonliving environment ECOSYSTEM BIOSPHERE BIOME

4. Matching: Large area with similar climate, soil, and plants and animals The Planet of living and nonliving things All the organisms in a particular place + their nonliving environment BIOME BIOSPHERE ECOSYSTEM

5. What is the difference between photosynthesis and chemosynthesis? (answer below) PHOTOSYNTHESIS- organisms capture sunlight to make food CHEMOSYNTHESIS- organisms use chemical energy (like sulfur) to make food

6. How do these relate? Autotrophs Heterotrophs Consumers Producers ANSWER: Autotrophs and Producers are plants that make food Heterotrophs are consumers that eat the producers

7. What would each of these eat? Carnivore Herbivore Omnivore Decomposer Detritivore Eat animals Eat plants Eat animals + plants Break down and eat dead organic matter Feed on plant and animal remains called detritus

8. How much energy is… Usually passed to the next energy level in an energy pyramid? A. 5% B. 10% C. 35% D. 90% ANSWER: 10%

9. What contributes CO 2 to the atmosphere? Detergents Auto exhausts Fertilizers Factories Ozone ANSWER: auto exhausts + factories

10. Which is a food chain and which is a food web? WHAT AM I?

11. Which is a food chain and which is a food web? WHAT AM I?

12. Producers? Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Consumers?

13. What converts unusable nitrogen into usable nitrogen? A. worms B. fungi C. nitrogen-fixing bacteria D. nitrogen-fixing birds ANSWER: C

14. Where is most of the phosphorus kept in the biosphere? A. rocks B. atmosphere C. bird poop D. Larry’s house ANSWER: A

15. What causes an algal bloom? A. large amounts of phosphorus runoff B. large amounts of carbon runoff C. large amounts of nitrogen runoff D. small amounts of mineral runoff ANSWER: A

16. What chemical form is carbon usually found in rocks? In the atmosphere? A. CO 2 B. carbonate C. CO D. nitrates ANSWER: in rocks is carbonate in atmosphere is CO 2

17. What are the three most abundant greenhouse gases? A. water vapor B. nitrogen oxide C. carbon dioxide D. methane E. phosphates ANSWERL A, C, D

18. What criteria determine a terrestrial biome? Type of fish Climate Type of soil Plants and animals Type of people ANSWER: climate, soil, plants and animals

19. What is a wetland? A. lake B. stream C. marsh D. ocean ANSWER: marsh (water covers the land part of the time)

20. WHICH BIOME? Hot and wet year round Ferns, large woody vines and climbing plants, orchids Sloths, tapirs, jaguars, monkeys, toucans, butterflies S. and central Am., SE Asia ANSWER: Tropical rainforest

21. WHICH BIOME? Humus soil Cold to moderate winters, warm summers, fertile soils Deciduous trees, some conifers Deer, black bears, squirrels, raccoons, turkeys, songbirds ANSWER: Temperate Deciduous Forest

22. In a food chain, what organisms are usually the decomposers? A. birds B. snakes C. plants D. bacteria and fungi ANSWER: D

23. MATCH Parasitism Commensalism Mutualism Both organisms benefit One organism benefits and the other is not harmed Organism lives in or on another and harms it

24. MATCH Parasitism Commensalism Mutualism Organism lives in or on another and harms it One organism benefits and the other is not harmed Both organisms benefit

25. In a food pyramid… Which organisms are in the greatest amount and why? ANSWER: plants (producers), need to feed all the other organisms

26. Identify Primary species? Climax species? Primary or Secondary succession? ANSWER: Lichen,mosses Fir, birch Primary (no soil)

27. What goes in each level of energy pyramid?

28. Tertiary consumer Secondary consumer Primary consumer Producer

29. The total amount of living tissue in a given tropic level would be: A. biomass B. biome C. biotic D. biology ANSWER: biomass

30. Identify as Predator/Prey or Competition Lynx chases the hare Two robins vie for same sunflower seeds Lion and tiger both eat antelope Pred/Prey Competition Competition and Pred/Prey

31. Coniferous or Deciduous? Pine Tree Coniferous Oak Tree Deciduous Cherry Tree Deciduous Blue Spruce Coniferous Coniferous = needles, evergreen Deciduous = sheds leaves annually

32. Boom or bust? Exponential growth? Logistic growth? Exponential growth Logistic growth Type of graph?

33. This diagram illustrates what process? Carrying capacity Logistic growth Limiting factor Biological magnification ANSWER: Biological magnification (vol. of chemical increases as you go up the food chain)