2. Cell Structures Review

3. Cell Wall / Cell Membrane

4. Cell Membrane

5.  Surrounds all cells  Allows nutrients in and waste out  Contains pores to allow the materials to pass in/out = semipermeable  Double-layered

6. Cytoplasm

7. Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

8. Cytoplasm  Clear (colorless)  Gel like  Continually in motion  Mostly made of water

9. Nucleus

10. Nucleus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Nuclear membrane

11. Nucleus  Largest and most visible organelle  Covered by a membrane (nuclear membrane) to separate it from the rest of the cell  Control center of a cell

12. Chromosomes Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Chromosomes Nuclear membrane

13. Chromosomes  Contains chromosomes – threadlike structures made of DNA  Deoxyribonucleic acid  Genes – section of chromosome which gives you your traits  Two chromosomes with the same trait – homologous pair  One chromosome came from mom/one from dad

14. Genes  Section of a chromosome That determines your traits Gene

15. Chromosomes Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Chromosomes Homologous pair

16. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)  Two areas  Rough – contains ribosomes  Smooth – no ribosomes  Breaks down drugs that could damage the cell

17. Endoplasmic reticulum (cont.)  The internal delivery system – it is like a road where a delivery truck moves packages  Look like folds of cloth UPS

18. Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Chromosomes Homologous pair Mitochondria

19. Mitochondria  Hot dog-shaped organelle  Food changes into energy (ATP)  Surrounded by two membranes  Works only with oxygen present (comes from breathing)

20. Mitochondria (continued)  More mitochondria = more energy  Heart has many mitochondria

21. Ribosomes  Produces proteins (proteins necessary for life processes)  Smallest organelle  Present in all cells  Not covered by a membrane

22. Diagram of an Animal Cell Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Nuclear membrane Homologous pair Chromosome Mitochondria Lysosome Golgi Body Ribosomes

23. Chloroplasts

24. Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cell Wall

25.  Located outside the cell membrane  Found in plants  Gives strength (rigid) so plant stands up  Made of fibers of cellulose  Also contains pores to allow materials to pass in/out

26. Chloroplasts Video

27. Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Chloroplasts

28. Chloroplasts  Converts energy from the sun  Contains chlorophyll – a green chemical used to trap sunlight  Makes sugar by a process called photosynthesis

29. Diagram of a Plant Cell Nucleus Nuclear membrane Chromosome Homologous pair Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Cell Wall Chloroplasts

30. Golgi complex  Packaging center  Packages proteins to be shipped out of cell  Looks like ER but is closer to cell membrane

31. Vacuole  Store water and other liquids  Vacuoles in lettuce that are full help to make it crisp  Vacuoles in roses and violets have colorful liquids to make their color  Vacuoles in oranges and other fruits make them juicy

32. Lysosomes  Digest food particles  Digest worn-out organelles  Get rid of waste materials  Protect against foreign invaders  If the membrane breaks the enzymes kill the cell