1. CELULA ANIMALA

2. Cell Size

16. LE 6-11 Ribosomes 0.5 µm ER Cytosol Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Free ribosomes Bound ribosomes Large subunit Small subunit Diagram of a ribosome TEM showing ER and ribosomes

17. LE 6-12 Ribosomes Smooth ER Rough ER ER lumen Cisternae Transport vesicle Smooth ER Rough ER Transitional ER 200 nm Nuclear envelope

22. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero LE 6-16-2 Nuclear envelope Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER Transport vesicle cis Golgi trans Golgi

23. LE 6-13 trans face (“shipping” side of Golgi apparatus) TEM of Golgi apparatus 0.1 µm Golgi apparatus cis face (“receiving” side of Golgi apparatus) Vesicles coalesce to form new cis Golgi cisternae Vesicles also transport certain proteins back to ER Vesicles move from ER to Golgi Vesicles transport specific proteins backward to newer Golgi cisternae Cisternal maturation: Golgi cisternae move in a cis- to-trans direction Vesicles form and leave Golgi, carrying specific proteins to other locations or to the plasma mem- brane for secretion Cisternae

24. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero LE 6-16-3 Nuclear envelope Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER Transport vesicle cis Golgi trans Golgi Plasma membrane

25. LE 6-14a Phagocytosis: lysosome digesting food 1 µm Plasma membrane Food vacuole Lysosome Nucleus Digestive enzymes Digestion Lysosome Lysosome contains active hydrolytic enzymes Food vacuole fuses with lysosome Hydrolytic enzymes digest food particles

26. LE 6-14b Autophagy: lysosome breaking down damaged organelle 1 µm Vesicle containing damaged mitochondrion Mitochondrion fragment Lysosome containing two damaged organelles Digestion Lysosome Lysosome fuses with vesicle containing damaged organelle Peroxisome fragment Hydrolytic enzymes digest organelle components

28. LE 6-10 Close-up of nuclear envelope Nucleus Nucleolus Chromatin Nuclear envelope: Inner membrane Outer membrane Nuclear pore Pore complex Ribosome Pore complexes (TEM)Nuclear lamina (TEM) 1 µm Rough ER Nucleus 1 µm 0.25 µm Surface of nuclear envelope

30. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero LE 6-16-1 Nuclear envelope Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER

40. LE 6-22 0.25 µm Microtubule Centrosome Centrioles Longitudinal section of one centriole Microtubules Cross section of the other centriole

41. LE 6-24 0.5 µm Microtubules Plasma membrane Basal body Plasma membrane 0.1 µm Cross section of basal body Triplet Outer microtubule doublet 0.1 µm Dynein arms Central microtubule Cross-linking proteins inside outer doublets Radial spoke

42. LE 6-27a Muscle cell Actin filament Myosin filament Myosin arm Myosin motors in muscle cell contraction