2. Language and Communication Definitions Developmental scales Communication disorders Speech Disorders Language Disorders Interventions

3. Language and Literacy Connection http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/b cpid4250110001?bctid=587336352001http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/b cpid4250110001?bctid=587336352001 Video connecting B-3 language and literacy http://dww.ed.gov/Preschool-Language- and-Literacy/topic/index.cfm?T_ID=15http://dww.ed.gov/Preschool-Language- and-Literacy/topic/index.cfm?T_ID=15 US DOE site on language and literacy http://www.ldonline.org/article/6313/ language milestones

4. Definitions Speech- behavior of producing a language code by making appropriate vocal sound patterns. Involves respiration; phonation; resonation; articulation Communication- exchange of ideas and information Paralinguistic or nonlanguage sounds and nonlinguistic cues Language- common system used by people for giving meaning to sounds, words, gestures, and other symbols Phonology- linguistic rules of the 45 phonemes Morphology- basic units of meaning combined into words Syntax- rules governing arrangement of words into sentences Semantics- how people use language to convey meaning Pragmatics- rules on how language is used (e.g. turn taking)

5. Speech and Language Dvlpmt (0-2 years) Birth to 6mos –Crying; comfort sounds; vowel sounds; reacts to voices; follows sound 6 to 12 months –Differentiated babbling; develops voice inflections; responds to “bye-bye” and “no” 12 to 18 months –Poor pronunciation; points with possible word connection; responds to simple commands 18 to 24 months –Echolalia; large growth in acquisition and speech; receptive vocab up to 1000 words by age 2; distinguishes common objects

6. Speech and Language Dvlpmt (2+ years) 2 to 3 years –Expressive vocab up to 900 words with 3-4 words sentences; participates in conversation; identifies colors, plurals; tells stories; follows commands; uses most vowels and consonants correctly 3 to 4 years –Speaks rapidly; asks many questions; longer sentences; understands concepts such as secret, bigger, funny; substitutes real words for invented ones; repetitions and hesitations are normal. 4 to 5 years –Vocab up to 1500 words and sentences 5 words; modifies speech for listener; recites poems and sings songs from memory 5 years plus –Complex forms of English; Blends and consonant sounds mastered at age 7-8; grammar and speech patterns match those in frequent contact

7. Communication Disorders When- stuttering, impaired articulation, language impairment, or voice impairment which adversely affects educational performance Common concerns –Substitutions; distortions; omissions; additions; cluttered fluency; stuttering; phonation distortions; resonance (hyper or hyponasal) Receptive language disorder- difficulty with sequences or directions Expressive language disorder- limited vocabulary, incorrect tenses or plurals that make it difficult to express one’s self.

8. Assessment of Language Disorders Conversational Analysis –Role of Listener –Role of Speaker Narration Analysis –Comparison of story to retelling Writing Analysis –Writing Process –Writing Product Problem Solving –Alternative approaches to expression

9. Interventions Create numerous opportunities for desired child responses (holding up a toy and asking “What do you want?” Encourage responses and attempts http://sign2me.com/video.php http://sign2me.com/video.php Structure adult responses to a child’s communication (e.g., the child points outside and says “Come wiff me” and the adult responds “I’ll come with you.”) Give student choices and elicit responses Set up naturalistic situations with unexpected ones Provide interesting materials For preparation in reading, see strategies on phonological awareness.

10. Sum it up How can a receptive language disorder affect a student’s education? How can an expressive language disorder affect a student’s education? How can receptive difficulties lead to expressive difficulties? How can modeling help with communication disorders?