1. Discovering Prehistoric Indians in Georgia
Listen to the song and then turn and talk you to your partner and make of list of facts that you know about Indians.

2. How did the prehistoric indians get here?

3. Crossing the Land Bridge
The Bering Strait became a huge
land bridge known as Beringia,
it connected Asia and North
America
People moved back and forth
across Beringia for generations

4. Crossing the Land Bridge
The ice age ended and water
covered the land bridge again
The new inhabitants of North
and South America migrated
back and forth across the land
Each group adapted to its surroundings
Their clothing, shelter, and hunting and gathering tools, depended on the climate and resources available to them

5. A B C D

6. 4 Indian Cultures (Tribes)
Indian Cultures-PAWM
4 Indian Cultures (Tribes)
Paleo: 10,000 years ago
Archaic: 8000BC to 1000BC
Early , Middle, Late
Woodland: 1000BC to 1000AD
Mississippian: 700AD to 1600AD

8. PALEO Earliest known Indian culture.
Paleolithic Age (Very old)
Tools and weapons made mostly of stone
Atlatl: spear throwing device
Nomadic: roaming hunters who followed animals for food.
Did not build permanent homes
Mammoths, bison, sloth…
Hunting methods included chasing off cliffs (Bones)
Paleo Sites in Georgia:
Flint, Savannah, Ocmulgee
Only artifacts found from Paleo:
Clovis points
Atlatls

9. PALEO / ARCHAIC ATLATL SPEAR

12. ARCHAIC
Early ( BC)
The larger game slowly became extinct forcing the Indians to hunt smaller animals.
Deer, rabbit, turkey, fish…
Spears and points became smaller
Archeologists found weapons made of rock not found in GA.
Trade or Migration
Fall: lived where berries, nuts fruits were available
Summer: good fishing locations
Spring & Winter: migrated for other food sources.

13. ARCHAIC
Middle ( BC)
As areas grew drier and warmer, coastlines and riverbeds became exposed— mussels, clams, and shellfish.
Middens: heaps/piles of shells
Hooks made of animal bone for fishing
Longer/lighter spears traveled farther and more accurate—no longer needed to hunt as often.
Small groups begin to join together outside the family structure

14. ARCHAIC
Late ( BC)
Discovery of grooved axe with wooden handle.
Excavations: archeological diggings
Horticulture: science of growing plants and trees
Saving seeds
Stallings Island: mound of mussel and clam shells…burial grounds, fire hearths, pipes, axes and shell beads
Villages were becoming more permanent.
Stallings Island Excavation Site

15. ARCHAIC TOOLS

16. POTTERY
One of the greatest contributions the Archaic Indians made to advancement of civilization.
Sherds: bits of broken pottery
Allowed for the storing and preservation of food, causing Indians to stay in one place longer!
Broken Pottery with engravings

19. WOODLAND Several families or camps would come together to form TRIBES:
A group of people who share a common ancestry, name, and way of life
Bow and Arrow: made of stone, shark teeth and antlers.
Pottery made to last longer
Mixed with sand and dried in sun
Evidence of religious ceremonies
Burial Mounds
Rock Eagle Mound: made of quartz in the shape of a bird.
No Explanation…theory.
Effigy: image of person or animal

20. Woodland Period
Agriculture is the practice of growing specific plants for food
The most common crop
grown was maize (corn),
beans, and squash

23. MISSISSIPPAIN Temple Mound Period
Highest prehistoric civilization in Georgia
First discovered villages along the Mississippi River
Villages, towns, and farms
Practiced a religion
Evidence of Civilization:
Grow most of their food
Crop rotation- plant in different fields (replenish nutrients)
Jewelry, tattoos, hair styles, elaborate clothes
Settlements with protective fences and moats
Palisade: wall made of tall posts
Wattle and Daub: structure made of wood and clay
Religious centers to village
DISAPPEARED without a trace…Disease, enemies…?

24. MISSISSIPPIAN Ocmulgee National Monument: Etowah Indian Mounds:
Ceremonial lodge built of red clay
Used for religious and village meetings
Etowah Indian Mounds:
7 pyramid-shaped mounds
Graves and bodies found
Carved marble statues
Kolomoki Indian Mounds:
300 acres with one mound, 50 feet high, 320 feet long
Many workers using primitive tools over a long period of time.
Etowah Indian Mounds