1. By: Stephen Pfau Central Catholic High School Grade 11

2. Japanese spiritual healing practice means “universal life energy” Discovered and developed by Mikao Usui in the late 19th century Works through the practitioner intentionally willing the energy toward specific areas Gets rid of negative energy or provides positive healing energy (disputed) in the subject Supposedly works on all forms of life

3. Often used to complement Western medicine Used as preventive medicine Important aspect - willingness of the target to receive its benefits Few peer-reviewed scientific studies; no foundation in science Proposed effectiveness of Reiki in the placebo effect

4. Unicellular fungal eukaryote that used in baking, fermentation, etc. Most studied eukaryotic cell Many characteristics similar to human cells, nutrition, growth Used due to rapid growth and ease of experimental manipulation

5. To determine the effects of Reiki on heat stressed yeast Any significant difference in survivorship curves will lend support to Reiki’s effectiveness with little possibility of a placebo effect

6. Null - Reiki will not significantly affect the survivorship of heat stressed yeast Alternate - Reiki will significantly affect the survivorship of heat stressedyeast

7. 88 YEPD agar plates (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, 2% glucose (dextrose), 1.5% agar) YEPD Media (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, 2% glucose (dextrose)) Klett spectrophotometer Sterile pipette tips Micropipettes Vortex Incubator Sidearm flask Spreading platform, spreader bar, ethanol 20 mL Sterile capped test tubes with Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10 mM KH 2 PO 4, 10 mM K 2 HPO 4, 1 mM MgSO 4, 0.1 mM CaCl 2, 100 mM NaClB Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yeast) Reiki practitioner Six 1 Liter Beakers Water Thermometer Hot Plates

8. 1. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures were grown overnight in sterile YEPD media. 2. Samples of the overnight cultures were added to fresh medias in a sterile sidearm flask. 3. The cultures were placed in incubators (30°C) until a density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached. This represents a cell density of approximately 10 7 cells/ml. 4. Six 1-liter beaker filled with 500mL of water and placed on hot plates and heated until one reached 30, 40, 46, and 52 degrees Celsius. Once the water baths reached their designated temperatures four test tubes were placed in each water bath. 5. Once the tubes had been in the water baths for 15 minutes the microbial cultures were placed in each test tube to a concentration of approximately 10 5 cells/ml.

9. 6. Reiki practitioner was permitted to prepare the other room for the treatment of the cell cultures within test tubes by the use of gestures and vocal harmonics. 7. The beakers were then taken off the hot plates and two of the test tubes from each were placed in one test tube rack and taken to the other room for the Reiki treatment. The other test tubes were placed in another test tube rack and placed in the room without the Reiki practitioner 9. The Reiki practitioner was then instructed to treat the cells with Reiki in that room only, by which she used tuning forks, quartz and selenite crystals in addition to gestures and vocal mantras to administer treatment to the cells. The practitioner was checked on regularly by the sponsor to safeguard against tampering. 10. After 15 minutes of being treated with Reiki the test tubes were taken away from the practitioner by the sponsor. 11. DOUBLE BLIND EXPERIMENT - The sponsor assigned a different color to each set of test tubes and gave that set to a scientist to plate. The scientist plated from those tubes onto plates with corresponding color labels 12. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and 30°C for 48 hours. 13. The resulting colonies were counted by the experimenter. Each colony is assumed to have derived from one cell. The colors were then identified as their respective variable groups by the sponsor.

10. ANOVA Statistical Test that allows the comparison of means multiple groups If P-value < 0.05, then there was variance Dunett’s Test Comparison of an experimental and a control group to determine significant variation

12. P-value = 4.238E-21

14. Temperature and ReikiT ValueSignificance 30 NR10.454Significant 30 R2.32Not Significant 40 NR7.551Significant 40 R14.907Significant 46 NR20.908Significant 46 R15.488Significant 52 NR22.651Significant 52 R24.393Significant T-crit = 2.36

15. The null hypothesis has been rejected for the temperatures of 30 degrees Celsius with Reiki The alternate hypothesis has been supported for all other temperatures with and without Reiki, supporting that Reiki did have an effect on the survivorship of yeast Temperature did have a significant effect on the survivorship of the yeast

16. Limitations: 1.The timing of plating varied slightly 2.Only one microbial species was used 3.Temperatures did not stay exactly at their designated temp for the entire time Extensions A.Use different species B.Use different forms of stress, UV lights, etc.

17.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_ cerevisiae http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_ cerevisiae  http://www.reiki.org/faq/whatisreiki.html http://www.reiki.org/faq/whatisreiki.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiki  Thanks to Lynne W. Biegler for helping with performing Reiki for my Project

18. Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY GroupsCountSumAverageVariance Column 187128921.14286 Column 28969121.125179.2679 ANOVA Source of VariationSSdfMSFP-valueF crit Between Groups4128.0631 41.196031.6E-054.60011 Within Groups1402.87514100.2054 Total5530.93815

19. Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY GroupsCountSumAverageVariance Column 18834104.2562.78571 Column 2853266.5124 ANOVA Source of VariationSSdfMSFP-valueF crit Between Groups5700.251 61.035181.8E-064.60011 Within Groups1307.51493.39286 Total7007.7515

20. Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY GroupsCountSumAverageVariance Column 1828435.545.71429 Column 284245337.42857 ANOVA Source of VariationSSdfMSFP-valueF crit Between Groups12251 29.467358.89E-054.60011 Within Groups5821441.57143 Total180715

21. Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY GroupsCountSumAverageVariance Column 1821226.58.285714 Column 281361719.42857 ANOVA Source of VariationSSdfMSFP-valueF crit Between Groups3611 26.051550.000164.60011 Within Groups1941413.85714 Total55515