1. SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY Nuclear safety regulatory structure Finland NNRP Workshop July 4-6,2011 Bonn

2. SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY Presentation Outline Nuclear facilities in Finland Authorities involved in regulation and licensing of nuclear facilities Legislative and regulatory framework

3. SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY Olkiluoto NPP (TVO) 2 operating units - ABB BWRs OL3 (EPR) under construction DiP approved for OL4 Loviisa NPP (Fortum) 2 operating units - VVERs Fennovoima Ltd New utility, no operating reactors, DiP approved for FV1 (2 alternative sites) Nuclear power plants in Finland Photo: TVO Photo: Fortum

4. SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY Loviisa npp Plant Start-up National Nominal electric power, Type, unit grid (gross/net, MW) supplier Loviisa 18 Feb1977 9 May1977 510/488 PWR, Atomenergoexport Loviisa 2 4 Nov1980 5 Jan 1981 510/488 PWR, Atomenergoexport Fortum Power and Heat Oy owns the Loviisa 1 and 2 plant units located in Loviisa. Photo: Fortum

5. SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY Olkiluoto npp Plant Start-up National Nominal electric power, Type, unit grid (gross/net, MW) supplier Olkiluoto 1 2 Sep 1978 10 Oct1979 910/880 BWR, Asea Atom Olkiluoto 2 18 Feb 1980 1 Jul 1982 890/860BWR, Asea Atom Olkiluoto 3 Construction license granted about 1,600 (net)PWR, 17.2.2005 Areva NP Teollisuuden Voima Oyj owns the Olkiluoto 1 and 2 plant units located in Olkiluoto, Eurajoki, and the Olkiluoto 3 plant unit under construction. Photo: TVO

6. SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY OL3 Project - General Project is progressing but is about four years behind the original schedule – Start of commercial operation in 2013 – Fuel load by the end of 2012 – Operating licence application in 2011. Status of the project – Design ongoing - open design issues on I&C – Final civil construction activities ongoing – Manufacturing slowing down but still ongoing – Installation activities in progress at site – Commissioning activities to start Photos: TVO

7. SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY Nuclear facilities in Finland… Photo: Posiva Oy Onkalo underground research facility in Olkiluoto constructed by Posiva Oy bedrock volumes suitable for final disposal of spent nuclear fuel can be investigated in more detail bedrock research at the planned final disposal depth is a requirement for granting a construction license for the final disposal facility Designed to function as one of the entrance routes to the planned final disposal facility  STUK applies the same regulatory procedures to the construction of Onkalo as those of a nuclear facility construction started in 2004, end of 2010 the excavation of the drive tunnel reached a depth of 430 m, tunnel length 4500 m. Plan of the underground rock characterisation facility (Onkalo) and status of the construction on 17 December 2010 (Posiva Oy). Situation 17 Dec 2010 Ventilation shaftPersonnel shaft Length of the drive tunnel 4560 m Depth of the drive tunnel 434 m Intake ventilation

8. SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY Nuclear facilities in Finland… FiR 1 research reactor operated by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland TRIGA Mark II, maximum thermal power 250 kW began operation in March 1962, current operating licence will expire at the end of 2011 reactor is used for fabrication of radioactive tracers, activation analysis, student training, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) treatment of tumours, development of therapeutic methods 3.7.2011 8

9. SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority Mission: Protecting people, society, environment, and future generations from harmful effects of radiation Organisation: Figures indicate number of staff at the end of 2010. Total 344. 110

10. SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY Three roles of STUK Regulatory Body – use of nuclear reactors – nuclear waste and materials – use of radiation Research Centre – health effects of ionising and non-ionising radiation – natural radiation - occurrence and prevention – environmental research – radiation threats and preparedness for accidents – dosimetry and metrology – medical use of radiation – non-ionising radiation Expert organisation – national preparedness for radiation accidents – information and advice to public and other authorities – contracted expert services – radiation measuring and calibration services

11. SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY STUK and Ministries MINISTRY OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS AND HEALTH - administrative authority for the use of radiation MINISTRY OF EMPLOYMENT AND THE ECONOMY - administrative authority for the use of nuclear energy MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR - rescue and protection duties in emergency conditions - security and physical protection MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS - nuclear safety in neighbour countries - non-proliferation of nuclear weapons STUK – RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY - independent regulatory and research organisation Budget and supervision Expert advice and service Expert advice and service

12. SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY Main parties involved in licensing and regulation of nuclear facilities in Finland All licenses for nuclear facilities are issued by the Government Ministry of Employment and the Economy (TEM) provides administrative support for processing license applications STUK is the nuclear regulatory body and has following duties: preparation of national nuclear safety regulations safety evaluation (necessary prerequisite for issuing a license) inspections and oversight needed to verify the safety of the facility and the compliance with safety requirements over the plant lifetime inspections on nuclear waste management and nuclear material safeguards as well as security binding orders to the licensees as needed to ensure nuclear safety (based on expert judgment made at STUK). 3.7.2011 12

13. SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 13 GOVERNMENT: Makes licensing decisions MINISTRY OF EMPLOYMENT AND THE ECONOMY Conducts preparations STUK (regulatory body) Public, other authorities, and expert organizations APPLICANT Suppliers- nuclear industry MUNICIPALITY OF PLANT SITE Advice Application Regulatory review and oversight Statement on safety (veto right) Opinions Agreement on site (veto right) PARLIAMENT: Ratifies Decision in Principle Expert organizations Three step licensing: Decision in Principle Construction License Operating License Design documentation Stakeholders in licensing - roles and responsibilities

14. SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 14 Feasibility studies (by utility) Licensing steps in Finland Decision in Principle Construction Licence Operating Licence Bidding & site preparation Construction Decision in Principle: Political debate on whether using nuclear energy is for the overall good of society Government decision and Parliament ratification/rejection STUK’s preliminary safety assessment Issued in February/May 2002 for Olkiluoto 3 Issued in May/July 2010 for Olkiluoto 4 and Fennovoima 1 Construction Licence Government Decision STUK’s Safety assessment on the acceptability of Technical principles and requirements of the plant Issued in February 2005 for Olkiluoto 3 Construction: Review and approval of the detailed design Oversight of manufacturing and construction Operating licence Government Decision STUK’s safety assessment on the technical and organisational aspects of the as build plant Environmental Impact Assessment Energy policy Nuclear safety

15. SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY Licensing status of the existing Finnish NPPs Relicensing of the operation of a NPP involves a comprehensive safety review, latest renewals were done taking into account the IAEA PSR guidelines (NS-G-2.10, previously 50-SG-O12) Loviisa NPP Terms of licenses Olkiluoto NPP Terms of licenses LO1LO 2OL1OL2 1977 - 19831980 - 19831978 - 19831982 - 1983 1984 - 19891984 - 1988 1989 - 1998 1999 - 2007 1999 - 2018 2007 - 20272007 - 2030PSR in 2008 PSR in 2015 and 2023 3.7.2011 15

16. SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY Legislative and regulatory framework The use of nuclear energy Nuclear Energy Act (990/1987)(990/1987) Nuclear Energy Decree (161/1988)(161/1988) Government Decrees  on safety of NPPs (733/2008)  on physical protection of NPPs (734/2008)  on emergency preparedness (735/2008)  on safety of the disposal of nuclear waste (736/2008)736/2008 Regulatory Guides (YVL Guides) concerning the use of nuclear energythe use of nuclear energy The use of radiation Radiation Act (592/1991)592/1991 Radiation Decree (1512/1991)1512/1991 Decree of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health on the medical use of radiation (423/2000)423/2000 Regulatory Guides (ST Guides) concerning the use of radiationthe use of radiation Finnish Regulatory Pyramid