1. Thomas Jefferson How did this great American help shape the nation we live in?

2. 1796 Election Results (16 states in the Union) John AdamsMassachusettsFederalist7151.4% Thomas JeffersonVirginiaDemocratic- Republican 6849.3% Thomas PinckneySouth CarolinaFederalist5942.8% Aaron BurrNew YorkDemocratic- Republican 3021.7% Samuel AdamsMassachusettsFederalist1510.9% Oliver EllsworthConnecticutFederalist118.0% George ClintonNew YorkDemocratic- Republican 75.1% Other--1510.9% Total Number of Electors138 Total Electoral Votes Cast276 Number of Votes for a Majority 70

3. 1796 Election Results AdamsJefferson

4. Political Life Lead first opposition party in U.S. Greatly opposed Hamilton’s plans In1796, lost presidential election to Adams…became VP As Adams’ VP, encouraged anti- Adams sentiments!

5. Trouble Maker TJ OPPOSED Alien & Sedition Acts: Adams hoped to use these to stop/slow opposition to his foreign policy & admin in general TJ’s ACTIONS Wrote Kentucky resolution 0f 1798 (Adams’ federal laws unconstit.) Establishes states’ rights position

6. 1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union) Thomas JeffersonVirginia Democratic- Republican 7352.9% Aaron BurrNew York Democratic- Republican 7352.9% John AdamsMassachusettsFederalist6547.1% Charles PinckneySouth CarolinaFederalist6446.4% John JayNew YorkFederalist 1 0.7% Total Number of Electors138 Total Electoral Votes Cast276 Number of Votes for a Majority 70

7. Election of 1800 Adams’ Problems Mood of country very anti-Adams Alien & Sedition Acts Direct Tax of 1798 Use of Federal troops Jefferson’s Positives Positions widely supported Wasn’t Adams! Chose VP (Burr) to get votes in NY One of the nastiest elections ever!!!

8. Federalists brutally assail Jefferson at every turn: Federalists newspaper article wrote that with Jefferson as president: “Murder, robbery, rape, adultery, and incest will be openly taught and practiced, the air will be rent with the cries of the distressed, the soil will be soaked with blood, and the nation black with crimes.”

9. Meanwhile, Adams got it from both sides: His own party (Hamilton) blasted him -Adams had “great and intrinsic defects in character” Opposition spreads story of “Adams’ Empire” -Adams’ son to marry daughter of King George III…..only stopped by Washington in uniform with sword

10. Hamilton hoses Aaron Burr! Jefferson & Burr tie for votes Hamilton convinces Burr supporters to turn in blank ballots Jefferson wins the election! Irony:Hamilton & Jefferson were enemies *Hamilton will kill Burr in a duel later

11. Landslide of 1804 Louisiana Purchase was a huge plus 1 st term saw prosperity, economic growth, lower taxes, lower nat’l debt Federalists tried to use Sally Hemmings TJ’s popularity soared & was unbeatable

12. TJ At Home (Domestic Affairs) Gov’t to keep men from injuring each other but lets them regulate their own affairs Respect states’ rights cut debt (from $80 mill. to $57 mill.–2 yrs) Eliminate standing army Business should grow because of agricultural growth, not vice versa

13. Judicial Turmoil Federalist appointed judges (Supreme Ct on down) in opposition to TJ & his party Judiciary Act of 1801 (Federalists) – reduced Sup Ct judges from 6 to 5 & created a bunch of new judicial appointments to make TJ’s life tough Adams’ midnight appointments (Marbury) lose positions

14. TJ & The Outside World “Shores of Tripoli” -refused to pay Tripoli for protection from pirates on Barbary Coast -TJ rethinks need for a larger navy Louisiana Purchase -Mississippi River is key! -Napoleon as a neighbor? -828,000 sq miles Doubles size of US for 4¢/acre(con’t)

15. TJ & The Outside World (Pt2) Trade & Impressment: -GB & France at war (again!) -U.S exports grow from $66 mill to $102 mill because of the war & reexporting (13.5-58.4) -Both sides outlaw American trade with opponent British begin impressing Americans

16. TJ & The Outside World (Pt3) British seize US ships & take sailors –Claim they are traitors & British subjects –British navy kills 3 Americans firing onto US naval vessel - AMERICANS > WAR! –TJ bans British ships –Calls up militia –European trade stopped (Embargo Act) *Exports $108 mill - $22 mill *Non-Intercourse Act restarts economy

17. Era & Legacy “Revolution of 1800” was a yawner--- Federalists handed over gov’t peacefully States (new & old) eliminate land as voting qualification Suffrage lost in many states by Af-Ams Began the Virginia Dynasty of presidency TJ’s Lasting Impact 

18. Exec Power: Hated big federal gov’t & Supreme Ct meddling, but believed self- preservation more important than constitutional limits Public: people dedicated to our gov’t balance private rights and public good Rights: “All men are created equal” – owned slaves & watched slavery grow in South and West as President