1. NOMADIC EMPIRES AND EURASIAN INTEGRATION
Chapter 18 Review

2. DURING WHAT PERIOD DID THE NOMADS OF CENTRAL ASIA IMPACT THE OTHER GLOBAL CIVILIZATIONS OF THE EASTERN HEMISPHERE DURING THE POST CLASSICAL ERA?
A) 900 to 1100
B) 1100 to 1300
C) 1200 to 1400
D) 1300 to 1500 E)

3. WHAT WAS THE BASIC UNIT OF MONGOL SOCIETY?
A) The nuclear family
B) The tribe
C) The guild
D) The city-state
E) Band

4. HOW DID THE GEOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL ASIA AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NOMADIC CULTURES?

5. NOMADIC ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
Clans, related languages
sought trade, were prominent on caravan routes
Fluidity of classes in nomadic society
Two social classes: nobles and commoners
Autonomous clans and tribes
Religions: shamans, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity; by tenth century, Islam

6. HOW DID THESE PEOPLE ADAPT TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT
HOW DID THESE PEOPLE ADAPT TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT? WHAT ADVANTAGES DID THEIR ADAPTATIONS GIVE THEM?

7. ENVIRONMENT Nomads drove herds in migratory cycles
Lived mostly on animal products
limited amounts of millet, pottery, leather goods, iron

8. DISCUSS THE MILITARY ORGANIZATION, TECHNIQUES, AND STRATEGIES OF THESE ASIAN NOMADS. HOW DID THESE ABILITIES MAKE THEIR MILITARY SO FORMIDABLE?

9. WHERE WAS THE CAPITAL OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE UNDER CHINGGIS KHAN?
A) Samarkand
B) Karakorum
C) Tatu
D) Khwarazm
E) Cambolu

10. MILITARY
Khan ("ruler") organized vast confederation of individual tribes for expansion
Outstanding cavalry forces
formidable military power

11. TURKISH EXPANSION INTO PERSIA AND INDIA

12. SALJUK TURKS Mid 8th – mide 10th centuries Lived on borders Traded
In the Abbasid Empire
In the Byzantine Empire
Mid 8th – mide 10th centuries
Lived on borders
Traded
Joined Army
1055 – Tughril Beg recognized as sultan by caliph
Successors extend rule to Syria and Paestine
Began migrating to Anatolia in 11th century
1071 – defeat Byzantines at Manzikert – take emperor
Peasants see Saljuks as liberators
Displaced Byzantine authority

13. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WAS NOT ONE OF THE POSITIVE ASPECTS OF CHINGGIS KHANʹS IMPERIAL RULE?
A) He promulgated a legal code to end divisions and quarrels among the Mongol clans.
B) He brought peace to much of Asia.
C) He promoted the growth of trade and commerce.
D) He ordered the creation of huge pastures in northern China for the use of the Mongol
clans.
E) He promised religious toleration for many different religious groups.

14. HOW DID THE MONGOLS COME TO CONQUER CHINA
HOW DID THE MONGOLS COME TO CONQUER CHINA? WHAT WERE THE KEY ELEMENTS IN THEIR SUCCESS?

15. CONQUEST OF NORTHERN CHINA
Chinggis Khan, Mongols raided the Jurchen in north China beginning in 1211
Controlled north China by 1220
South China was still ruled by the Song dynasty
Mongol rule becomes known as Yuan dynasty (founded 1279)
Unsuccessful conquests of Vietnam, Burma, Java, and Japan by Khubilai

16. FACTORS Equestrian skills Bows Mobile forces
Mongol overlords oversaw local administrators
Outlawed intermarriage
Tolerated religions
Confucian lost government support

17. FOLLOWING CHINGGIS KHANʹS DEATH, WHAT WAS THE PROVISION FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE EMPIRE?
A) It was divided into four regional kingdoms, or khanates, ruled by his sons and grandsons.
B) It was centralized with a Mongol bureaucracy located at the Chinese capital of Tatu.
C) The empire immediately fragmented into its constituent tribes and clans.
D) It passed as a single government with its capital at Karakorum to Chinggis Khanʹs oldest son.
E) Mandarins from China were brought in to help administer the empire under the guidance of the grand khan.

18. DISCUSS THE ROLE OF EPIDEMICS IN THE DECLINE OF THE MONGOL EMPIRES.

19. WHO WAS TAMERLANE, AND WHAT WAS HIS LASTING LEGACY?

20. HOW DID THE TURKS COME TO TOPPLE THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE?

21. WHAT WAS THE RELIGIOUS POLICY OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE UNDER CHINGGIS KHAN?
A) He was converted to Islam late in his life.
B) He practiced no religious beliefs himself, but tolerated Islam only.
C) All religions were tolerated in his empire.
D) Buddhism became the state religion of the Mongol empire.
E) After the Russian campaign the Mongols became Orthodox Christians.

22. WHAT ROLE DID RELIGION(S) PLAY IN THE NOMADIC EMPIRES
WHAT ROLE DID RELIGION(S) PLAY IN THE NOMADIC EMPIRES? WHAT GENERALIZATIONS CAN YOU MAKE? WHAT ARE THE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES?

23. MAHMUD OF GHAZNI Enemy of Buddhism and Hinduism
Attacked temples and shrines
Stripped Hindu and Buddhist establishments of their wealth
Repressed Buddhism and Hinduism and promoted Islam