2. Answers to Ex.1: 1. The main topic is the role of robots in the fight against landmines. The title. 2. Natasha Wesley. 3. Someone using a metal detector to find landmines; the robot that can find landmines; someone who has lost his legs because of landmines. 4. Chiba University (Japan) 5. Afghanistan and Cambodia

3. 1. How many people are killed or injured by landmines every year? 2. How often is someone killed or injured by a landmine? 3. For how long do landmines keep causing damage? 4. How many landmines are buried just beneath the surface of the ground? 5. In how many countries are landmines buried? 6. How many landmines are removed every year? Answers to Ex.2:

4. 7. How many landmines are buried in the ground every year? 8. How big is the robot that can find landmines? (What are the dimensions of the robot that can find landmines?) 9.How much does it weigh? 10. How may legs has it got? 11. When was an agreement to stop the manufacture and use of landmines signed? 12.How many countries signed the agreement (to stop the manufacture & use of landmines)?

5. Suggested answers to Exercise 3: Para2: Main idea : Main idea : Supporting details: The problem of landmines 1.each year 100,000 removed 2. each year 2,000,000 buried 3. difficult & dangerous to remove

6. Para3: Main idea: Supporting details: Robots can help find traditional mines 1.much safer in the hunt for landmines 2. faster at finding landmines 3. research at Chiba University

7. Para4: Main idea: Supporting details: Robot can find plastic mines 1.experimental robots in production 2.to use radar to locate mines 3.to identify types of mines

8. Para5: Main idea: Supporting details: World opinion turned against landmines in the 1990s 1.agreement in Ottawa, Canada to stop the manufacture and use of landmines 2.still a lot of work to be done

9. 1.landmine/ mine 黑体字部分： 1.What is worse is that… 2.cause damage 3.landmines buried just beneath the surface of the ground 4.victim 5.innocent 6.happen to step on the landmines 7.go about their daily lives 更糟糕的是 … 造成危害 埋在地表下面的地雷 受害人 无辜的 碰巧踩上地雷 忙于做，着手做，继续做他们的日常工作 地雷

10. Para1: 1.seem to be losing the fight against landmines 2. while While, every year, about 100,000 landmines are removed, 2,000,000 more are buried in the ground. 3. This is very inaccurate as the metal detector finds all metal objects, not just the mines, and it does not find new types of mine which are covered in plastic. 尽管 用塑料壳裹起来 似乎在与地雷作战中失败了

11. 4. dig the mine out without setting it off 5. Using this method it could take centuries to rid the world of landmines. Para2: 1.This is where robotics comes in. 2.Several countries are working on technological solutions to the landmines problem. 3. A robot that looks something like an insect is being developed. 4. It is 4 metres long, 1.8 metres wide, 1 metre high, and weighs 900 kilograms, about the size of a small car. 不用引爆地雷就把它们挖出来 用这种方法得花好几个世纪把世界上的地雷排除掉。 机器人科学在这个领域就可以发挥作用了。 一个看起来有点像昆虫一样的东 西 大约一个小汽车大小

12. Para3: 1.The goal is for the computer to use the data it receives to determine not only whether an object is just a piece of metal or a mine, but also what type of mine it is. 2. mass production of robots 5. It walks on 6 legs and when it finds a mine, it marks the spot with paint and sends data to a computer which can then map the mines. 对于计算机来讲，目标就是使用它收到的数据不 但能来测定一个物体是金属还是地雷，而且能测 定出他是哪一种类型的地雷。 机器人的大批量生产

13. Para4: In the 1990s world opinion built up against the use of landmines and, in 1997, 122 countries signed an agreement in Ottawa, Canada, to stop the manufacture and use of landmines. world opinion build up sign an agreement stop the manufacture and use of landmines 世界舆论增强 签署一份协议 停止生产和使用地雷

14. P 56 Ex 1 1.I did not expect to be interviewed by the general manager. 2.The magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading room (by anybody). 3.She hates to be laughed at by her classmates. 4.He doesn’t want his writing to be interrupted (by the guests). He doesn’t want to be interrupted while writing. 5. These rules must be obeyed by everyone as they are for the good of the whole school. 6. These are the issues to be discussed tomorrow.

15. 7. It is wrong for him to be made to work all night. Ex2 The dishes need to be washed. The mail needs to be sent right away. The singer refused to be photographed. The house is to be sold.

16. Ex.3 1. That book on the Holy Bible needs to be returned to the library by/before the end of the week. 2. The old armchair is to be replaced by a sofa next week. 3. Don’t worry- you still have plenty of time for that fax to be sent to your company. 4. Your decision to divorce your wife has to be made with his agreement. 5. There has been an accident but there is no need to be alarmed. Nobody has been hurt.

17. 6. Although she had done well, she expected her parents to be disappointed by her exam results. 7. She was happy to be supported by the affection of her family when she had a serious operation in hospital. 8. He was so excited to be declared the winner of the talent competition. 9. He added the 2,000 yuan they had received to the 1,500 yuan to be offered, making 3,500 yuan in all. 10. Without their key/leading player, they are bound to be beaten in the coming competition.