1. マールブルグ出血熱 (Marburg hemorrhagic fever) 人獣共 通 WHO: Marburg haemorrhagic fever - fact sheet (2005) 1967: Germany and Yugoslavia. 1975: South Africa, possibly via Zimbabwe. 1980: Kenya. 1987: Kenya. 1998–2000: Democratic Republic of Congo. 2004–2005 (ongoing): Angola. Controlling the Marburg outbreak in Angola Images from the outbreak of Marburg haemorrhagic fever in Uige Province, Angola 2005 3 August 2007 in Uganda (update; 14 August) Marburg haemorrhagic fever has been confirmed in a 29-year-old man in Uganda. The man became symptomatic on 4 July 2007, was admitted to hospital on 7 July and died on 14 July. The disease was confirmed by laboratory diagnosis on 30 July. （鉱山労働者、その介護者も感染）. Ecological studies are underway by a team of experts from the CDC, WHO and the Government of Uganda, to establish the hosts and mode of natural transmission of the virus in the environment, with particular emphasis on the mines and surrounding area. WHO: Disease Outbreak News CDC: Small outbreak, with 2 cases, one fatal, in young males working in a mine. To date, there have been no reported cases among health workers.

2. CDC: Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever 1967 1975 1980 1987 1998-2000 2004-2005 2007 Germany and Yugoslavia Johannes-burg, South Africa Kenya Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Angola Uganda Zimbabwe Kenya Durba, DRC Uige Province, Angola Lead and gold mine in Kamwenge District, Uganda 32 3 2 1 154 252 2 7 (21) 1 (33) 1 (50) 1 (100) 128 (83) 227 (90) 1 (50) CountryOriginNo of cases No of deaths (%) Year(s) Total446366(82) マールブルグ出血熱の流行史

3. 23 March 2005: in Angola (update; 24 March - 24 August) In mid-March the Angola reports of 63 deaths (mostly children and three health care workers) among patients. The disease spread particularly among people exposed to the Marburg virus during home care or at funerals （葬儀）, via contact with body fluids of those who died from the disease. WHO: Disease Outbreak News 30 April 1999: in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Update; 5 May 1999 - 31 March 2000) Final confirmation has been received, in 4 of the 6 patients on whom we reported on 21 March. These confirmations yield a revised total of 16 cases since November 1999. Twelve have had the diagnosis confirmed by virological tests and 4 are classified as suspect cases as no clinical samples were available. Outbreak believed to have begun in Uige Province in October 2004. Most cases detected in other provinces have been linked directly to the outbreak in Uige Most cases occurred in young male workers at a gold mine in Durba, in the north-eastern part of the country, which proved to be the epicentre of the outbreak. Cases were subsequently detected in the neighboring village of Watsa. CDC: Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever

4. Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and non-human primates. Caused by a genetically unique zoonotic RNA virus of the filovirus family, its recognition led to the creation of this virus family. The four species of Ebola virus are the only other known members of the filovirus family. How do humans get Marburg hemorrhagic fever? Just how the animal host first transmits Marburg virus to humans is unknown. However, as with some other viruses which cause viral hemorrhagic fever, humans who become ill with Marburg hemorrhagic fever may spread the virus to other people. This may happen in several ways. Persons who have handled infected monkeys and have come in direct contact with their fluids or cell cultures, have become infected. Spread of the virus between humans has occurred in a setting of close contact, often in a hospital. Droplets of body fluids, or direct contact with persons, equipment, or other objects contaminated with infectious blood or tissues are all highly suspect as sources of disease. 動物も同様 独特の形を記憶する フィロウイルス科 細胞質内で増殖し、細 胞膜から出芽する。細 胞質内封入体を形成。 マールブルグウイルス、 エボラウイルスのウイ ルス分離、血清学的診 断は P4 レベルの設備を 有した検査室でのみ許 可されている。