1. The Breathalyser Reaction C 2 H 2 OH+ Cr 2 O 7 2- →CH 3 COOH+Cr 3+ EthanolOrangeAcetic AcidGreen If the orange colour decreases there is alcohol present. It is measured with a spectrophotometer. The more it decreases, the higher the blood alcohol content. Legal Limit Class 5 Licence0.08 mg/mL Legal Limit New Driver0.00 mg/mL Substance Oxidized Substance Reduced Reducing Agent Oxidizing Agent

2. The Breathalyser Reaction Look at the oxidation numbers! -0.5 +60+3 C 2 H 2 OH+ Cr 2 O 7 2- →CH 3 COOH+Cr 3+ EthanolOrangeAcetic AcidGreen If the orange colour decreases there is alcohol present. It is measured with a spectrophotometer. The more it decreases, the higher the blood alcohol content. Legal Limit Class 5 Licence0.08 mg/mL Legal Limit New Driver0.00 mg/mL Substance Oxidized Substance Reduced Reducing Agent Oxidizing Agent

3. The Breathalyser Reaction Look at the oxidation numbers! -0.5 +60+3 C 2 H 2 OH+ Cr 2 O 7 2- →CH 3 COOH+Cr 3+ EthanolOrangeAcetic AcidGreen If the orange colour decreases there is alcohol present. It is measured with a spectrophotometer. The more it decreases, the higher the blood alcohol content. Legal Limit Class 5 Licence0.08 mg/mL Legal Limit New Driver0.00 mg/mL Substance Oxidized C 2 H 2 OH Substance Reduced Reducing Agent Oxidizing Agent

4. The Breathalyser Reaction Look at the oxidation numbers! -0.5 +60+3 C 2 H 2 OH+ Cr 2 O 7 2- →CH 3 COOH+Cr 3+ EthanolOrangeAcetic AcidGreen If the orange colour decreases there is alcohol present. It is measured with a spectrophotometer. The more it decreases, the higher the blood alcohol content. Legal Limit Class 5 Licence0.08 mg/mL Legal Limit New Driver0.00 mg/mL Substance Oxidized C 2 H 2 OH Substance Reduced Reducing Agent C 2 H 2 OH Oxidizing Agent

5. The Breathalyser Reaction Look at the oxidation numbers! -0.5 +60+3 C 2 H 2 OH+ Cr 2 O 7 2- →CH 3 COOH+Cr 3+ EthanolOrangeAcetic AcidGreen If the orange colour decreases there is alcohol present. It is measured with a spectrophotometer. The more it decreases, the higher the blood alcohol content. Legal Limit Class 5 Licence0.08 mg/mL Legal Limit New Driver0.00 mg/mL Substance OxidizedC 2 H 2 OH Substance ReducedCr 2 O 7 2- Reducing AgentC 2 H 2 OH Oxidizing Agent

6. The Breathalyser Reaction Look at the oxidation numbers! -0.5 +60+3 C 2 H 2 OH+ Cr 2 O 7 2- →CH 3 COOH+Cr 3+ EthanolOrangeAcetic AcidGreen If the orange colour decreases there is alcohol present. It is measured with a spectrophotometer. The more it decreases, the higher the blood alcohol content. Legal Limit Class 5 Licence0.08 mg/mL Legal Limit New Driver0.00 mg/mL Substance OxidizedC 2 H 2 OH Substance ReducedCr 2 O 7 2- Reducing AgentC 2 H 2 OH Oxidizing AgentCr 2 O 7 2-

7. Balance in acid solution C 2 H 2 OH+ Cr 2 O 7 2- → CH 3 COOH +Cr 3+

8. Balance in acid solution C 2 H 2 OH+ Cr 2 O 7 2- → CH 3 COOH +Cr 3+ Cr 2 O 7 2- → Cr 3+ C 2 H 2 OH → CH 3 COOH

9. Balance in acid solution C 2 H 2 OH+ Cr 2 O 7 2- → CH 3 COOH +Cr 3+ Cr 2 O 7 2- → 2Cr 3+ C 2 H 2 OH → CH 3 COOH

10. Balance in acid solution C 2 H 2 OH+ Cr 2 O 7 2- → CH 3 COOH +Cr 3+ Cr 2 O 7 2- → 2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O C 2 H 2 OH + H 2 O→ CH 3 COOH

11. Balance in acid solution C 2 H 2 OH+ Cr 2 O 7 2- → CH 3 COOH +Cr 3+ 14H + + Cr 2 O 7 2- + → 2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O C 2 H 2 OH + H 2 O→ CH 3 COOH+ H +

12. Balance in acid solution C 2 H 2 OH+ Cr 2 O 7 2- → CH 3 COOH +Cr 3+ 14H + + Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6e - → 2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O C 2 H 2 OH + H 2 O→ CH 3 COOH+ H + + 1e -

13. Balance in acid solution C 2 H 2 OH+ Cr 2 O 7 2- → CH 3 COOH +Cr 3+ 14H + + Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6e - → 2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O 6(C 2 H 2 OH + H 2 O→ CH 3 COOH+ H + + 1e - )

14. Balance in acid solution C 2 H 2 OH+ Cr 2 O 7 2- → CH 3 COOH +Cr 3+ 14H + + Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6e - → 2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O 6(C 2 H 2 OH + H 2 O→ CH 3 COOH+ H + + 1e - ) 14H + + Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6C 2 H 2 OH + 6H 2 O → 2Cr 3+ +7H 2 O+6CH 3 COOH+6H +

15. Balance in acid solution C 2 H 2 OH+ Cr 2 O 7 2- → CH 3 COOH +Cr 3+ 14H + + Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6e - → 2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O 6(C 2 H 2 OH + H 2 O→ CH 3 COOH+ H + + 1e - ) 8 1 14H + + Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6C 2 H 2 OH + 6H 2 O → 2Cr 3+ +7H 2 O+6CH 3 COOH+6H +

16. Balance in acid solution C 2 H 2 OH+ Cr 2 O 7 2- → CH 3 COOH +Cr 3+ 14H + + Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6e - → 2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O 6(C 2 H 2 OH + H 2 O→ CH 3 COOH+ H + + 1e - ) 8H + + Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6C 2 H 2 OH → 2Cr 3+ + 1H 2 O + 6CH 3 COOH

17. Balance in acid solution C 2 H 2 OH+ Cr 2 O 7 2- → CH 3 COOH +Cr 3+ 14H + + Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6e - → 2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O 6(C 2 H 2 OH + H 2 O→ CH 3 COOH+ H + + 1e - ) 8H + + Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6C 2 H 2 OH → 2Cr 3+ + 1H 2 O + 6CH 3 COOH+6

18. Balance in base solution 8H + + Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6C 2 H 2 OH → 2Cr 3+ + 1H 2 O + 6CH 3 COOH

19. Balance in base solution 8H + + Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6C 2 H 2 OH → 2Cr 3+ + 1H 2 O + 6CH 3 COOH 8OH -

20. Balance in base solution 8H + + Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6C 2 H 2 OH → 2Cr 3+ + 1H 2 O + 6CH 3 COOH 8OH - 8H 2 O8OH -

21. Balance in base solution 8H + + Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6C 2 H 2 OH → 2Cr 3+ + 1H 2 O + 6CH 3 COOH 8OH - 8H 2 O8OH -

22. Balance in base solution Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6C 2 H 2 OH → 2Cr 3 + 1H 2 O + 6CH 3 COOH + 8OH - 7 8H 2 O

23. Balance in base solution 7H 2 O + Cr 2 O 7 2- + 6C 2 H 2 OH → 2Cr 3+ + 6CH 3 COOH + 8OH -

24. Review of Cells ElectrochemicalElectrolytic Is a power supplyRequires power supply Spontaneous (+ ve)Nonspontaneous(-ve) Makes electricityMakes chemicals Reduction is highest on ChartReduction is the –ve

25. For all cells: Cations migrate to the cathode, which is the site of reduction. Anions migrate to the anode, which is the site of oxidation. Electrons travel through the wire from anode to cathode.

26. Complete the Chart Electrochemical Cell: Zn, Zn(NO 3 ) 2 II Cu, CuSO 4 Anode: Reaction: Cathode: Reaction: E 0 =

27. Complete the Chart Electrochemical Cell: Zn, Zn(NO 3 ) 2 II Cu, CuSO 4 Anode:Zn Reaction: Cathode:Cu Reaction: E 0 = Higher on reduction Chart

28. Complete the Chart Electrochemical Cell: Zn, Zn(NO 3 ) 2 II Cu, CuSO 4 Anode:Zn Reaction: Zn → Zn 2+ + 2e - 0.76 v Cathode:Cu Reaction: E 0 = Higher on reduction Chart

29. Complete the Chart Electrochemical Cell: Zn, Zn(NO 3 ) 2 II Cu, CuSO 4 Anode:Zn Reaction: Zn (s) → Zn 2+ + 2e - 0.76 v Cathode:Cu Reaction: Cu 2+ + 2e - → Cu (s) 0.34 v E 0 = Higher on reduction Chart

30. Complete the Chart Electrochemical Cell: Zn, Zn(NO 3 ) 2 II Cu, CuSO 4 Anode:Zn Reaction: Zn → Zn 2+ + 2e - 0.76 v Cathode:Cu Reaction: Cu 2+ + 2e - → Cu (s) 0.34 v E 0 =1.10 v Higher on reduction Chart

31. Electrolytic Cell: Molten AlCl 3 Anode:Reaction: Cathode:Reaction:

32. Electrolytic Cell: Molten AlCl 3 Al 3+ Cl - Anode:CReaction: Cathode:CReaction:

33. Electrolytic Cell: Molten AlCl 3 Al 3+ Cl - Anode:CReaction: Cathode:CReaction: Put the vowels together: Anode Anion Oxidation

34. Electrolytic Cell: Molten AlCl 3 Al 3+ Cl - Anode:CReaction: 2Cl - → Cl 2 + 2e - -1.36 v Cathode:CReaction: Put the vowels together: Anode Anion Oxidation Oxidation of Anion

35. Electrolytic Cell: Molten AlCl 3 Anode:CReaction: 2Cl - → Cl 2 + 2e - -1.36 v Cathode:CReaction: Put the consonants together: Cathode Cation Reduction

36. Electrolytic Cell: Molten AlCl 3 Anode:CReaction: 2Cl - → Cl 2 + 2e - -1.36 v Cathode:CReaction: Al 3+ + 3e - → Al -1.66 v Put the consonants together: Cathode Cation Reduction Reduction of Cation

37. Electrolytic Cell: Molten AlCl 3 Anode:CReaction: 2Cl - → Cl 2 + 2e - -1.36 v Cathode:CReaction: Al 3+ + 3e - → Al -1.66 v E 0 = -3.02 v

38. Electrolytic Cell: Molten AlCl 3 Anode:CReaction: 2Cl - → Cl 2 + 2e - -1.36 v Cathode:CReaction: Al 3+ + 3e - → Al -1.66 v E 0 = -3.02 v MTV=+3.02 v

39. Electrolytic Cell: KBr (aq) Anode: Cathode:

40. Electrolytic Cell: KBr (aq) K + Br - H 2 O Anode:C Cathode:C

41. Electrolytic Cell: KBr (aq) K + Br - H 2 O Anode:C Cathode:C Put the vowels together: Anode Anion or water Oxidation

42. Electrolytic Cell: KBr (aq) Anode:C2Br - → Br 2 + 2e - -1.09 v Cathode:C Oxidation of Anion or Water Take Lower one!

43. Electrolytic Cell: KBr (aq) Anode:C2Br - → Br 2 + 2e - -1.09 v Cathode:C Put the consonants together: Cathode Cation or water Reduction Oxidation of Anion or Water Take Lower one!

44. Electrolytic Cell: KBr (aq) Anode:C2Br - → Br 2 + 2e - -1.09 v Cathode:C2H 2 O + 2e - → H 2 + 2OH - -0.41 v Put the consonants together: Cathode Cation or water Reduction Oxidation of Anion or Water Take Lower one! Reduction of Cation or Water Take Higher one!

45. Electrolytic Cell: KBr (aq) Anode:C2Br - → Br 2 + 2e - -1.09 v Cathode:C2H 2 O + 2e - → H 2 + 2OH - -0.41 v E 0 =-1.50 v Oxidation of Anion or Water Take Lower one! Reduction of Cation or Water Take Higher one!

46. Electrolytic Cell: KBr (aq) Anode:C2Br - → Br 2 + 2e - -1.09 v Cathode:C2H 2 O + 2e - → H 2 + 2OH - -0.41 v E 0 =-1.50 v MTV=+1.50 v Oxidation of Anion or Water Take Lower one! Reduction of Cation or Water Take Higher one!

47. Electrochemical Cell: Ag, AgNO 3 II Sn, Sn(NO 3 ) 2 Cathode: Anode:

48. Electrochemical Cell: Ag, AgNO 3 II Sn, Sn(NO 3 ) 2 *higher Cathode:Ag Anode:

49. Electrochemical Cell: Ag, AgNO 3 II Sn, Sn(NO 3 ) 2 *higher Cathode:Ag Ag + + e - → Ag (s) +0.80 v Anode:

50. Electrochemical Cell: Ag, AgNO 3 II Sn, Sn(NO 3 ) 2 *higher Cathode:Ag Ag + + e - → Ag (s) +0.80 v Anode:Sn

51. Electrochemical Cell: Ag, AgNO 3 II Sn, Sn(NO 3 ) 2 *higher Cathode:Ag Ag + + e - → Ag (s) +0.80 v Anode:SnSn → Sn 2+ + 2e - +0.14 v

52. Electrochemical Cell: Ag, AgNO 3 II Sn, Sn(NO 3 ) 2 *higher Cathode:Ag 2(Ag + + e - → Ag (s) ) +0.80 v Anode:SnSn → Sn 2+ + 2e - +0.14 v 2Ag + + Sn → Sn 2+ + 2Ag (s) E 0 =0.94 v