1. Procedural Aesthetics

2. Murray: Procedurality is one of the defining characteristics of t digital media.

3. Marcel Duchamp “3 Standard Stoppages” (1913-1914)

4. John Cage and David Tudor “Variations IV”

5. John Cage “Fontana Mix” (1967) “chance operations” “ purposeless play”

6. Toneburst: Maps and Fragments 1995 - 1996 David Tudor and Sophia Ogielska The ideograms appear in various forms in the multi-layered, translucent panels (scores, or maps), which express the interactive assembly of sound, coming from a flow of operations on active circuit elements. There is no one way of performing the composition; in fact there is an infinity of performances encoded in the circuit, which are visualized in the panels. The performance begins with introduction of individual sounds, and so there will be clusters of ideograms in space which will introduce the visual components of the larger maps. The colors and shapes indicate different groups of operations on active circuit elements (frequency and phase, input/output switching, amplitude, source input). With this visual language we have been planning to work next on another David's composition, which was commissioned for Merce Cunningham's dance 'Enter'."

7. Jackson Pollock “Convergence” (1952) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrVE-WQBcYQ

8. Andy Warhol “Marilyn Diptych” (1952)

9. Jean Tinguely and Billie Kluver (E.A.T) “Homage to New York” (1968)

10. http://www.math.com/students/wonders/life/life.html “Game of Life” (1970) John Conway

11. Bill Vorn “Evil/Live” (1997/2004) http://billvorn.concordia.ca/robography/images/downloads/EvilLive3.mov

12. Craig Reynolds http://www.red3d.com/cwr/boids/ “Boids” (1986) http://odyssey3d.stores.yahoo.net/comanclascli2.html Stanley & Stella in “Breaking the Ice” (1987) Wii Boids Max Granu w/ narrative by Howard Rheingold http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyt36v_9fC0

13. Karl Simms “Panspermia” (1990) http://www.archive.org/details/sims_panspermia_1990

14. Karl Simms “Genetic Images” (1993)

15. Karl Simms “Evolved Virtual Creatures” (1994) http://www.archive.org/details/sims_evolved_virtual_creatures_1994

16. Karl Simms “Galápagos” (1997)

17. Calvin Ashmore http://www.icosilune.com/GeneticImage/gallery.php http://www.icosilune.com/Artwork/povray.php

18. Christa Sommerer and Laurent Mignonneaux “Interactive Plant Growing” (1992) http://www.interface.ufg.ac.at/christa-laurent/WORKS/FRAMES/FrameSet.html

19. Christa Sommerer and Laurent Mignonneaux “A-Volve” (1995) http://www.interface.ufg.ac.at/christa-laurent/WORKS/FRAMES/FrameSet.html

20. Christa Sommerer and Laurent Mignonneaux “Live Spacies II” (1999) http://www.interface.ufg.ac.at/christa-laurent/WORKS/FRAMES/FrameSet.html

21. Will Wright/Maxis “Sim City” (1989)

22. Will Wright/Maxis “The Sims” (2000)

23. Will Wright/Maxis “Spore” http://www.spore.com/screenshots.php?movieID=0&play=hi