1. 1 International Telecommunication Union Overview of Deliverable 3 Methodology Overview of Results session Tuesday 24 March 2009 Editor Group of Deliverable 3: Yoh Somemura (NTT), Chairman Takeshi Origuchi (NTT), Editor Yong-Woon KIM (ETRI), Co-editor Gilbert Buty (Alcatel-Lucent), Co-editor Didier Marquet (France Telecom), Co-editor Willem Vereecken, (Ghent University), Co-editor Hans-Otto Scheck (Nokia Siemens Networks), Co-editor

2. 2 International Telecommunication Union Scope and Goal of Deliverable 3 The FG should develop a methodology to describe and estimate present and future user energy consumption of ICTs over their entire life-cycle. This should include: a calculation methodology of energy consumption saved through ICT utilization; the definition of basic units relevant to the cases considered; the identification, gathering and processing of relevant parameters (e.g. user behavior); the principles and tools to measure and evaluate the results; a list of examples of the uses of how ICTs can replace or displace other energy-consuming technologies/uses; analysis of existing standards and a proposal for development of new standards, if needed. Terms of Reference concerning to Deliverable 3

3. 3 International Telecommunication Union Scope and Goal of Deliverable 3 Objective and Goal of D1 (C66 from WG-A Chairman) Deliverable 3, Methodologies: The scope of this deliverable is to provide a methodology to evaluate the environmental impact of ICTs. By analyzing current methods of environmental assessment, minimum common characteristics among methods are clarified. Items outside the minimum characteristics are also taken into account to establish a common method for evaluating environmental impact of ICTs. Direction of discussion: Clarification of methodology by analysing current methods of calculation and evaluation, with regard to standardisation of evaluation methodologies for environment impact of ICTs.

4. 4 International Telecommunication Union Table of Contents 7.1Scope 7.2Relevant metrics and Units 7.3Methodologies for ICT impact assessment 7.3.1Impact of own GHG emissions 7.3.1.1Measurement 7.3.1.2Quantification 7.3.1.3Reporting 7.3.1.4Validation 7.3.1.5Verification 7.3.2Impact on other sectors 7.3.2.1Measurement 7.3.2.2Quantification 7.3.2.3Reporting 7.3.2.4Validation 7.3.2.5Verification 7.4Impacts of ICTs on Climate Change 7.4.1ICT-sector GHG emission mitigation 7.4.1.1Data servers and data centers 7.4.1.2Network equipment 7.4.2Impact of ICT on other sectors 7.4.2.1Home appliances 7.4.2.2Post 7.4.2.3Transportation 7.5Parameters potentially influencing adoption of ICT solutions 4 International Telecommunication Union

5. 5 7.1 Scope  In this section, we describe the proposed methodology of the Focus Group. The methodologies cover the assessment of the green house gas (GHG) emission of the ICT sector over the entire life cycle of ICT devices. Additionally, we propose methods for increasing the efficiency of the ICT sector and reducing global GHG emission through the adoption of ICTs in other relevant sectors.

6. 6 International Telecommunication Union 7.2 Relevant metrics and Units  Power unit:1 W = 1 kg m 2 s -3  Energy unit:1 J = 1 W.s  1 kWh= 3,600,000 J  Mass unit:1 kg or 1 t = 1,000 kg  Volume unit:1 m 3 = 1,000 L

7. 7 International Telecommunication Union 7.3 Methodologies for ICT impact assessment ICT Society (international/national/ regional level) ICT Society (international/national/ regional level) ICT equipments ICT services/solutions SMART2020  DTR/EE-00008 (liaised by ETSI-TB-EE) LCA of Services E.g. Direct & indirect impact of Video- conference LCA of Products Available to perform LCA Relatively available to perform LCA Hard to perform LCA Macroscopic Analysis (Input/Output Table analysis) is useful. LCA is useful to analyze Layers Network (NW) Infrastructures Available to perform LCA (Necessity to make model) (Difficulty from Allocation) LCA of Products composed  C43 (Fixed line), C44 (Mobile NW)

8. 8 International Telecommunication Union 7.3 Methodologies for ICT impact assessment 7.3.1 Impact of own GHG emissions 7.3.1.2 Quantification  LCA require to set  Functional Unit  System boundary  Allocation procedure Case study: LCA of Wired Network

9. 9 International Telecommunication Union 7.3 Methodologies for ICT impact assessment 7.3.1 Impact of own GHG emissions 7.3.1.2 Quantification  LCA require to set  Functional Unit  System boundary  Allocation procedure Case study: LCA of Wireless Network

10. 10 International Telecommunication Union 7.3 Methodologies for ICT impact assessment 7.3.2 Impact on other sectors 7.3.2.2 Quantification (1) Consumption of goods (paper, CDs, DVDs, etc.) (Energy reduction) = (Energy consumption to produce one unit of the product)  (Amount reduced)(E.g., Reduction of paper: (Energy to produce paper (A4 size, 1 sheet) (J))  (Quantity reduced (Sheets)) (2) Power consumption/energy consumption (electricity, gasoline, kerosene, light oil, heavy oil, town gas, etc.) (Energy reduction) = (Unit energy consumption for each type of fuel)  (Fuel consumption reduced)(E.g., Reduction of heavy oil: (Energy per litre of heavy oil (J))  (Fuel reduced (L)) (3) Movement of people (cars, buses, rail, aircraft, etc.) (Energy reduction) = (Unit energy consumption per traffic volume (passenger-km) for each transportation means) × (Transportation distance reduced (km))  (Number of passengers transported (passenger))(E.g., Reduction of railroad transportation: (Energy consumption per passenger-km (J))  (Transportation distance reduced (km))  (Number of transported passengers reduced (passenger)) (4) Movement of goods (mail, trucks, rail cargo, cargo ships, etc.) (Energy reduction) = (Unit energy consumption for each transportation means (J))  (Transportation distance reduced (km)) (E.g., Reduction of the number of mails: (Energy consumption per mail (J))  (Number of mails reduced (mail)) Reduction of truck transportation: (Energy consumption per ton-km (J))  (Transportation distance reduced (km))  (Cargo weight reduced (t))

11. 11 International Telecommunication Union 7.3 Methodologies for ICT impact assessment 7.3.2 Impact on other sectors 7.3.2.2 Quantification (5) Improved efficiency of office space (electricity, office area, etc.) (Energy reduction) = (Unit energy consumption)  (Amount reduced) (E.g., Reduction of office floor area: (Energy consumption per m2 (J))  (Area reduced (m2)) (6) Storage of goods (electricity, warehouse area, etc.) (Energy reduction) = (Unit energy consumption)  (Amount reduced)(E.g., Reduction of warehouse area: (Energy consumption per m2 (J))  (Area reduced (m2)) (7) Improved work efficiency (workload etc.) (Energy reduction) = (Energy consumption per m2 of office (J))  (Area used per person (m2))  (Workload improved (person- year)) (8) Waste (Wastepaper, garbage, plastic, industrial wastes, etc.) (Energy reduction) = (Unit energy consumption for each type of waste)  (Amount reduced)(E.g., Reduction of wastepaper: (Energy consumption to dispose of 1 kg of wastepaper (J)) (Amount reduced (kg))

12. 12 International Telecommunication Union 7.3 Methodologies for ICT impact assessment 7.3.2 Impact on other sectors 7.3.2.2 Quantification Typical CO2 emissions per unit area of office space JapanUSA

13. 13 International Telecommunication Union Operation A1 Operational consumption Investment consumption Sub-system 1... Operation B1 Data Electricity Voice One end user Computer Phone + Access Electricity Transfer Network Electricity ONT… Fiber… Processing Electricity Protection Data center Electricity Servers Firewall… Example: teleservice Generic service End service or product Electricity Investment + Operation An Operational Investment Sub-system n Operation Bn + Investment One hour of teleservice per user Operational Sub service 7.3 Methodologies for ICT impact assessment 7.3.2 Impact on other sectors 7.3.2.3 Reporting

14. 14 International Telecommunication Union 7.3 Methodologies for ICT impact assessment 7.3.2Impact on other sectors 7.3.2.3 Reporting Comparison of consumptions in primary energy between CN teleservice and travel depending on distance. Case study: Cooperative teleservice (CN)

15. 15 International Telecommunication Union Video conference held between Tokyo and Yokohama, once a week (48 times / year), one hour each time, participated in by two people from each office Video conference held between Tokyo and Yokohama, every working day (240 times / year), eight hours each time, participated in by two people from each office Reduction of 53% (91%)Reduction of 52% (59%) 7.3 Methodologies for ICT impact assessment 7.3.2 Impact on other sectors 7.3.2.3 Reporting Case study: Video conference (Teleconference)

16. 16 International Telecommunication Union 7.4 Impacts of ICTs on Climate Change 7.4.1 ICT-sector GHG emission mitigation 7.4.1.1 Data servers and data centers PUE (Power usage effectiveness) = Total facility power consumption ICT equipment power consumption DCD (Data center density) = Power consumption of all equipment on free-access floor of a data centre Area of free-access floor Environmental Impact Basic Unit for ASP/SaaS Services = GHG Emissions (or Power Consumption) per Unit of ASP/SaaS Service (Annual GHG Emissions (or Power Consumption) from the Target Service) (Annual Service Supply) =

17. 17 International Telecommunication Union 7.4 Impacts of ICTs on Climate Change 7.4.2Impact of ICT on other sectors 7.4.2.2 Post Case-study: Comparison of GHG emissions of postal mail and e-mail services