1. Trivia Fun Times  What does Mesopotamia mean?  What are the two rivers that run through Mesopotamia?  What technique was used to help with flooding and farming?  What allowed archaelogists to read hieroglyphics?  In 1957, this NFL team won its last NFL Championship. What is this sports team? Extra gravy if you know the opponent. Will they (both) ever win again?

2. Greece OVERVIEW

3. Geography of Greece  Surrounded by the (3) bodies of water: Aegean, Ionian, and Mediterranean Seas  Coastal cities and harbors  Allows for extensive trade  Numerous islands  Very mountainous, rugged  Located between modern Turkey and Italy  On the Balkan Peninsula  Famous for olive and grape cultivation

4. Minoan Civilization  Established on the island of Crete  Named after Minos the legendary king of Crete  Lasted from 2700 – 1450 BCE  Not considered Greek but influenced future Greek civilization  Constructed beautiful and elaborate palaces  Violent end (two theories)  Tidal Wave caused by volcanic eruption  Invaded by the Mycenaean Greeks (most likely)

6. Palace of Knossos

7.  Discovered by Arthur Evans an English archaeologist  Very elaborate  Private living rooms  Bathrooms and drainage system

8. The Mycenaeans  Considered the first Greek State  Most likely conquered the Minoan Civilization  1600 – 1100 BC  Consisted of a loose alliance of independent kingdoms  Monarchies that resided in fortified palaces  Extensive commercial trade  Militaristic, prided themselves in heroic deeds  Homer: The Iliad and the Odyssey

10. Gateway into Mycenae

11. Greek City-States  A polis is a city-state and the central focus of Greek life.  Acropolis: fortified hill of a city-state.  Agora: market or gathering place.  City-States were communities that shared common identity and goals  Most famous city-states: Athens and Sparta  Hoplites: heavily armed infantry soldiers  Hoplite unit: Phalanx

12. Acropolis

13. Greek Dark Ages: 1100 – 750 BC  Mycenaean civilization collapses  Few records exist  Food production dropped  Population declined  Many Greeks left for Asia Minor (Modern Turkey)  Out of darkness and into the dawn?  Increased trade  Use of iron  Adoption of Phoenician alphabet

14. Greek Philosophy Love Wisdom?  Socrates  Famous for his method of teaching by questioning  The Apology  Plato  The Republic  Student of Socrates  Aristotle  On Happiness  Alexander the Great

15. Athens and Democracy  For tomorrow please read the documents for our debate on Athenian democracy