1. India Chapter 25

2. Invasions, Empires, and Independence Mughal Empire introduced Islam to Indian culture 1857 – British rule begins in India Gandhi and his followers began using the tactic of “nonviolent resistance” to protest British rule in 1920 India gains independence from Britain 1947 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi Gandhi 1869-1948 Assassination

3. Governing the World’s Largest Democracy India’s first prime minister – Nehru Muslim- Hindu relations are of special concern to the Indian government Muslim minority is huge population Muslim minority is huge population Sikhs and Tamils Express dissatisfaction with government Express dissatisfaction with government Assassinated 2 prime ministers Assassinated 2 prime ministers Sikhs – killed Indira Gandhi Tamils – killed Rajiv Gandhi

4. Economic Challenges Land reform difficult to enact Powerful families control about 25% farmland Powerful families control about 25% farmland Improvements to agriculture Green Revolution Green Revolution Higher-yielding grain varieties Uses new farming techniques Industrial Centers – most prosperous Mumbai – leading commercial center Mumbai – leading commercial center Bangalore – high tech center (computers) Bangalore – high tech center (computers)

5. Life in Modern India Center of daily life – marriage and family Center of daily life – marriage and family Traditional marriages – arranged by the families (different from most US marriages) Traditional marriages – arranged by the families (different from most US marriages) Popular leisure activities (similar to US) Popular leisure activities (similar to US) Sports, music, films Education Education Government working to raise literacy rates Literacy essential to find work in factories/offices

6. Indian Culture Language and ethnic diversity 1000+ spoken languages and dialects 1000+ spoken languages and dialects Southern Indian languages & people – Dravidian Southern Indian languages & people – Dravidian Hindu beliefs Karma – moral consequences of one’s actions Karma – moral consequences of one’s actions Karma determines how a person is reborn (reincarnation) Karma determines how a person is reborn (reincarnation)

7. Little Anjali and Sardarji