1. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Epilogue Epilogue Fitting the Pieces Together

2. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Epilogue Epilogue: Fitting the Pieces Together Infants (Birth to Age 2) –Rapid growth of body and brain –Sensorimotor period –2-word sentences –Self recognition in the mirror –Erikson: Trust vs. Mistrust –Attachment

3. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Epilogue Preschool Children (Ages 2-5) Gross and fine motor control improves Preoperational thinkers Unrealistically high self-esteem Erikson: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Developing theory of mind attachment still central Social skills improving

4. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Epilogue School-Age Children (Ages 6-11) Refined motor skills Concrete operational thinkers Private speech (Vygotsky) Erikson: Industry vs. Inferiority More realistic self-concept emerges Preconventional morality Increased time with peers

5. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Epilogue Adolescents ( Ages 12-19) Adjustment to growth spurt and maturity Formal operational thinking possible Erikson: Identity vs. Role Confusion Begin making decisions about their lives Increased peer involvement 20% experience emotional upheaval

6. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Epilogue Young Adults (Ages 20-39) Peak of strength, endurance, RT, perceptual abilities, and sexual maturity Effective cognitive functioning Conventional morality for most Postconventional morality a possibility Erikson: Intimacy vs. Isolation Marriage and commitment High divorce rates

7. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Epilogue Middle-Aged Adults (40-64) Gradual but noticeable physical declines Crystallized intelligence increases Expertise allows peaks of achievement Erikson: Generativity vs. Stagnation Midlife crisis rare Empty nest, Androgyny Freedom and satisfaction the rule

8. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Epilogue Older Adults (age 65 and up) Some losses, some gains, many satisfactions Generally some physical impairment Slower processing, expertise maintained Self-esteem and life satisfaction high Erikson: Integrity vs. Despair Diversity of lifestyle: active to passive Personality is stable

9. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Epilogue

10. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Epilogue

11. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Epilogue Major Themes in Human Development-1 Nature and nurture truly interact –Multiple causal forces –E.g., cell chemistry to prevailing culture We are whole persons throughout life –Intermeshing of physical, cognitive, personal, and social development

12. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Epilogue Major Themes in Human Development-2 Development proceeds in multiple directions –Orthogenic principle: Single cell to mature endpoint –Gains and losses at all ages Continuity and Discontinuity –Stages –Lifelong trait stability

13. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Epilogue Major Themes in Human Development-3 There is much plasticity in development –Capacity to change in response to environment –Early experiences rarely make or break us –Offset by favorable later experiences Individuals becoming more diverse with age –Elderly adults are the most diverse group

14. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Epilogue Major Themes in Human Development-4 We develop in a cultural and historical context (Vygotsky, Bronfenbrenner) We are active in our own development –Piaget Development is a lifelong process Development best viewed from multiple perspectives