1. WHY COUNTRIES OFFER DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE?. The Latin American experience. CARMEN ROBLEDO School of Politics and International Relations Research School of Social Science – CASS carmen.robledo@anu.edu.au 14 February 2014

2. TOTAL ODA 2 Source: DAC-OECD Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience

3. SHARE OF WORLD’S POOR 3 Source: Gertz and Chandy (2011, Brookings Institution) World Bank data  Low-income countries  Middle-income countries Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience

4. OUTLINE I.Background. II. Typology of ODA based on motivations. III. Emerging donors development assistance policies: the Latin American experience. Origins of development cooperation Donors Drivers of development cooperation policies Latin American south-south cooperation in practice 4 Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience

5. TYPOLOGY OF ODA BY DONORS’ MOTIVATIONS a.Political – diplomatic b.Military – security c.Humanitarian d.Altruist or developmental e.Economic – commercial f.Cultural g.Prestige 5 Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience

6. NEW DONORS… SAME OLD PRACTICES? Are development assistance policies of emerging donors driven by similar motivations as those of traditional donors? 6 Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience

7. GLOBAL ODA SHARE 7 Source: Park (2011, Brookings Institution)  Traditional (DAC) donors  New donors (ODA-like flows) Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience

8. ORIGINS DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION IN LATIN AMERICA CEPAL school of thought ISI model Shared history and cultural heritage Joint front against foreign intervention Challenge US hegemony 8 Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience

9. LATIN AMERICAN DONORS 9 Cuba Venezuela Colombia Chile Brazil Mexico Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience

10. LA DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION DRIVERS Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience 10 a. Promote regional integration b. Preserve regional autonomy c. Self – reaffirmation d. Consolidate regional and global leadership e. Achieve self-sufficiency

11. LA DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION DRIVERS f. Obtain non-alignment g. Protect national sovereignty h. Promote regional solidarity i. Leverage in international negotiations j. Self – legitimisation Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience 11

12. LATIN AMERICAN SSC IN PRACTICE Limited participation of non-government actors. Mixed positions related on adhering to DAC guidelines. Behaviour and language Modalities Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience 12

13. FINAL REMARKS Development assistance has became an instrument to pursuit objectives unique to emerging donors. Latin America’s SSC displays common traits to emerging donors in other regions. Better understanding of new donors can only be beneficial for better dialogue and engagement among all parts involved in the aid regime. Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience 13

14. WHY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES OFFER DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE?. The Latin American experience. CARMEN ROBLEDO School of Politics and International Relations Research School of Social Science – CASS carmen.robledo@anu.edu.au 14 February 2014