1. ATP and Cellular Respiration
Breakdown of a Glucose Molecule to make ATP so our cells can perform chemical reactions

2. THE BASICS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Heterotrophs – organisms that cannot make their own energy and need to consume other organisms to get energy (consumers)
All animals, fungi, and some bacteria are heterotrophs

3. Why Make ATP? Referred to as energy currency of the cell
Provide energy for chemical reactions to take place in our body (cells)

4. Mitochondria Site of cellular respiration (where ATP is made)
Conists of
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Matrix
Cristae

5. Cellular Respiration Breakdown
Glycolysis
Located in cytoplasm of cell
Krebs Cycle
Located in Mitochondrial Matrix
Electron Transport Chain
Located in mitochondrial cristae

6. Glycolysis Breakdown of a single Glucose molecule Reactants Products
2 pyruvate molecules
2 ATP molecules
Energy
2 NADH molecules
Electron carriers

7. Pyruvate Pyruvate can take 2 paths from this point:
Aerobic Respiration (with oxygen)
Pyruvate moves into mitochondria and ATP is made via Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain
Anaerobic Respiration (without oxygen)
Pyruvate stays in cytoplasm and is converted into lactic acid
-Lactic Acid Fermentation

8. Aerobic Respiration Krebs Cycle Reactants Products
Conversion of 2 pyruvate molecules
Reactants
2 pyruvate molecules
Products
4 CO₂ molecules
2 ATP molecules
Energy
6 NADH molecules
Electron carriers
2 FADH₂

9. Aerobic Respiration Electron Transport Chain Reactants Products
Electrons are transferred to proteins from NADH and FADH₂
Electrons are passed from one protein to the next
Final electron acceptor is Oxygen (O₂)
Reactants
NADH
FADH₂
Products
34 ATP molecules
Energy
Water (H₂O)

10. Anaerobic Respiration
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Conversion of 2 molecules of pyruvate into lactic acid when oxygen is not present
Happens during vigorous muscle exercise
Liver converts lactic acid back into glucose

11. Anaerobic Respiration
Alcohol Fermentation
Does not occur in humans
Occurs in yeast when oxygen is not available
Facultative anaerobes
Conversion of 2 molecules of pyruvate into ethanol

12. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration