1. Ice Breaker In your new packet, find the first section that shows solids, liquids, and gasses (the three boxes). Draw the structure of the molecules in these three phases in those boxes. Be sure to label! In your new packet, find the first section that shows solids, liquids, and gasses (the three boxes). Draw the structure of the molecules in these three phases in those boxes. Be sure to label!

2. Solids, Liquids, and Gasses Miss Charney Northville Central School

3. Solids, Liquids, Gasses Recall the structure of solids, liquids, and gasses… SSSSolids- more tightly packed, little movement, in colder temperatures LLLLiquids- more spread out, more movement, in warmer temperatures GGGGasses- much more spread out, most movement, with higher temperatures

4. Kinetic Theory Kinetic theory is an explanation of how particles in matter behave Three assumptions AAAAll matter is composed of small particles (atoms, molecules, ions) PPPParticles are in constant random motion PPPParticles are colliding with each other and the walls of their container

5. Solids Little movement Tightly packed together Form into a geometric arrangement when in a solid state

6. Liquids More movement More spread out Melting Point- temperature at which a solid begins to liquefy Heat of Fusion- the amount of energy needed to move a substance from the solid to the liquid phase

7. Gasses Most movement Very spread out Boiling Point- the temperature at which the pressure of the vapor in the liquid is equal to the external pressure acting on the surface of the liquid Heat of Vaporization- the amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to become a gas

8. Think-Pair-Share What do the following terms mean to you? (be sure to use the terms solid, liquid, or gas): MMMMelting FFFFreezing EEEEvaporation CCCCondensation

9. Heating Properties of Liquids Melting- solid to liquid Evaporation- liquid to gas Condensation- gas to liquid Freezing/Solidification- liquid to solid Sublimination- solid to a gas

10. Melting Evaporation Condensation Freezing

11. Plasma Plasma- matter consisting of positively and negatively charged particles. TTTThese particles collide with each other at high speeds, causing large amounts of light Examples of plasma include the Sun, neon lights, lightning bolts, and auroras

12. Thermal Expansion Thermal Expansion- As substances increase in temperature, they increase in size As the kinetic energy of a substance increases (gets warmer), then the particles move farther away from each other As the kinetic energy of a substance decreases (gets colder), then the particles move closer

13. Why Water is Interesting The way in which water is structured, when it cools, there is a creation of larger pockets between molecules CCCCompared to water, these ice pockets are larger, so that is why water expands when you freeze it Therefore, ice becomes less dense than water because of these large air pockets That is why ice floats!

14. Properties of Fluids Think: WWWWhy is it that very large ships have the ability to float? Buoyancy- the ability of a fluid—a liquid or a gas– to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it IIIIf the buoyant force is equal to the object’s weight, the object will float IIIIf the buoyant force is less than the object’s weight, the object will sink

15. Density and Buoyancy Think about the following: SSSSay you had a 3 cm3 block of wood and a 3 cm3 block of iron WWWWhich one would float? AN OBJECT WILL FLOAT IF ITS DENSITY IS LESS THAN THE DENSITY OF THE FLUID IT IS PLACED IN

16. Pressure Think about… FFFFloating at the top of the pool vs. sinking towards the bottom WWWWhich one makes it feel like there is a lot of pressure on you? DDDDriving up and down a mountain YYYYour ears pop because of the change in pressure Pressure- the force exerted per unit area (F/A)

17. Pascal’s Principle Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) stated that the pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid FFFFor example, when you squeeze a balloon on one side, the fluid (air) is transferred to the other side WWWWhen you squeeze one end of the toothpaste tube, toothpaste comes out the other side BBBBoth examples show how pressure has been transmitted through the fluid

18. Bernoulli’s Principal Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782) stated that as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases Challenge: taking a piece of paper in your hands by the shorter side, attempt to lift the opposite end The high velocity of the wind blowing across a paper causes the pressure over the top of the paper to become low, which results in a rising of the paper

19. Ice Breaker Describe what will happen to this object in water… Describe what will happen to this object in water…

20. Viscosity Viscosity- the resistance to flow by a fluid HHHHaving a “low viscosity” means that the fluid can flow easily HHHHaving a “high viscosity” means that the fluid cannot flow easily