1. 1 Kommunikatsiooniteenuste arendus IRT0080 Loeng 3/2010 Avo Ots telekommunikatsiooni õppetool, TTÜ raadio- ja sidetehnika inst. avots@lr.ttu.ee

2. Kliendi soovid

3. Kliendi soovid (meedia & Multimedia)‏ HD & 3D Tapeless – low cost disk storage Open collaboration/inter-operability New delivery platforms The “Youth Market” Cheaper production formats (Reality TV)‏ Advertising revenue models (SMS, Web, Push)‏ Taxes on power consumption

4. Digital natives, digital immigrants and analog exiles The “digital natives” are born into digital technology. They are used to receiving information really fast. They like to parellel process and multitask. They prefer their graphics before their text rather than the opposite. They prefer random access (like hypertext). They function best when networked. They thrive on instant gratification.

5. Acquaintance people who are members of online social networks are not so much “networking” as they are “broadcasting their lives” to anouter tier of acquaintances (Interpersonal relationship) who aren’t necessarily inside the Dunbar circle An interpersonal relationship is a relatively long- term association between two or more people. This association may be based on emotions like love and liking, regular business interactions, or some other type of social commitment.

6. Viiteid http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar_number http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuum_concept http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquaintance http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_native http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Native

7. 7 QoS Pakettvõrkudes liikluse korralduse (traffic engineering) mõiste “garanteeritud teenuse kvaliteet” (QoS, Quality of Service) tähendab tõenäosuslikku hinnangut, et sidevõrk jälgib liikluslepet. Paljudel juhtudel kasutatakse QoS tõenäosusena, et pakett läbib võrku saatjast vastuvõtjani oma ettemääratud ajavahemiku jooksul.

8. 8 Teenusekvaliteedi aspektid QoS – Quality of Service ITU-T E.800 Recommendation

9. 9 Teenusekvaliteedi aspektid (2) Teenuse Kättesaadavus (Accessibility) Teenuse Püsivus (Retainability) Teenuse Terviklikus (Integrity) QoS QoS parameetrid

10. 10

11. 11 Hierarchical QoS Customer # 1 VLAN VoIP VideoConf VideoStream Data p1 Internet Data p2 Cust 1 Cust 2 Cust 3 Cust 4 Cust n MPLS VPN Internet GigE 10 GigE MPLS Tunnel

12. 12 Growth

13. 13 Speed

14. 14 Penetration

15. 15 Broadband

16. 16 NGN QoS and security for successful convergence Virtual Private Networks for converged networks and QoS Network management directories, policies and intelligent agents for decision support, configuration and QoS

17. 17 Industry convergence

18. 18 Interoperability Vendor YVendor XAB IMSGRX IMS Carrier  Carrier 

19. 19 T L A...

20. 20 Physical Layer - I. Photonic Path Multiplex Section Regen. Section STM-N Signal Light Pulse VC and MS Overhead Payload and Path Overhead Terminal Regenerator Optical Conversion Terminal Map internal signal and RS OH into STM-N signal Map Payload and Path OH into VC Map VC and MS OH into internal signal Services (E1, E2, E3, E4, Video, etc.) Regen. Section Physical Layers

21. 21 S T M 1 9 columns261 columns 270 columns VC Capacity Section overhead (SOH) 1st 2nd Order of transmission

22. 22 125 μsec 9 Rows Section Overhead 270 x N Columns 9xN Columns STM-N VC capacity STM-N frame

23. 23 Frame Structures 270 Columns 9 Rows 1,080 Columns 4,320 Columns STM-1 155.52 Mbit/s STM-4 STM-16 622.08 Mbit/s 2488.32 Mbit/s STM-64 9 rows x 17280 columns, 9953.28 Mbit/s

24. 24 Rate Hierarchy SDH Level Line Rate (Mbit/s) SPE Rate (Mbit/s) Optical Level Electrical Level STM-1OC-3STS-3 STM-4OC-12STS-12 STM-16OC-48STS-48 STM-64 155.52 622.08 2488.32 9953.28 OC-192STS-192 STM-256 39813.12 150.336 601.344 9621.504 38486.016 OC-768STS-768 SONET 2405.376

25. 25 Uni- and Bi-directional –Only working traffic is shown –Subnetwork (path) or multiplex section switching for protection A CE BF D Uni-directional Ring (1 fiber) C-A A-C A CE BF D Bi-directional Ring (2 fibers) C-A A-C

26. 26 STM -N Mux K1K2 Read/Sel K1K2 Write Working STM-N Protect STM-N STM-N Mux K1K2 Write K1K2 Read/Sel Tributary Channels Tributary Channels MSTE Automatic Protection Switching APS = Automatic Protection Switching Allows network to react to failed lines, interfaces, or poor signal quality Performed over the entire STM-N payload Uses K1 and K2 bytes of MS Overhead

27. 27 Synchronization in Voice Networks Network Clock Asynchronous transport network uses pulse stuffing and is transparent to E1 timing DS0 Switch CB E1 M14 LTCBLT E4prop.E4E1 E4prop.E4E1 M14 0.000001 ppm LT f1 20ppm f2 20ppm f3 20ppm f4 20ppm f5 20ppm f6 20ppm

28. 28 Timing distribution is done using embedded E1 facility Asynchronous transport network is transparent to E1 timing Synchronization Distribution Network Clock (Stratum 1) DS0 Switch CB E1 M14 20ppm LTCBLT E4prop.E4E1 E4prop.E4E1 M14M13 0.000001 ppm 20ppm LT Dedicated Timing E1

29. 29 B C D F A G E Router Mesh Topology Networks Cross-Connects are nxn switches Interconnects S D H streams

30. 30 1 2 3 22      23 24 Write slots in order of arrival Read slots according to connection permutation 24 23 12 Time-slot interchange 24 23 12 abc db a dc a b c d … … Time-Slot Interchange (TSI) Write bytes from arriving TDM stream into memory Read bytes in permuted order into outgoing TDM stream Max # slots = 125  sec / (2 x memory cycle time) Incoming TDM stream Outgoing TDM stream

31. 31 TSI 1 j c i ijij 1 (i) (j) ijij ijij ji ij Timeslot interchangeMUXDEMUX Kaadrimälu Juhtmälu Ajapilude loendur Time slot counter Write access Read access Data in Data out

32. 32 Vihm (vo’rk)

33. 33 Lõpulingid (3) http://www.packetizer.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPLS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_Digita l_Hierarchy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCM http://www.juniper.net/solutions/