1. v1.0 - 20050426 Telecommunications Industry AssociationTR-30.3/05-12-043

2. TIA-921 (PN-3-0062) and ITU-T G.NIMM Network Model for Evaluating Multimedia Transmission Performance Over Internet Protocol Jack Douglass, Spirent Chair TIA TR30.3 October 2005 Q13/12 D115 (TIA-921) Q13/12 D114 (G.NIMM Draft 2) Q4/9 TD168 (G.NIMM Draft 2)

3. TIA-921 (PN-3-0062) and ITU-T G.NIMM Jitter, Latency, Burst Loss, Gap Loss Packet Loss, Out-of-Order Packets Route Flapping, Link Failure Scenario Based Time Varying IP Network Impairments IP Network Impairment Emulator Based on TIA-921 and ITU-T G.NIMM Types of DUTs IP Phones POTS over IP Media Gateways MGC User Agents Call Agents Media Servers Video Gatekeepers Application Servers Edge Routers Gateways Modems Fax

4. TIA-921 (PN-3-0062) and ITU-T G.NIMM Network Model for Evaluating Multimedia Transmission Performance TIA-921 / ITU-T G.NIMM

5. TIA-921 and ITU-T G.NIMM IP Network Model 1000BaseX 100BaseT Switch 100BaseT Hub 10BaseT WLAN (~4Mbps) ----------------- Occupancy level Packet loss 64kbps 128kbps 256kbps 384kbps 512kbps 768kbps T1/E1 T3/E3 ADSL Cable Fiber ---------------- Occupancy level Qos Edge Router LAN A Core IP Network DUT A Route flapping One-way delay Jitter Packet loss Local Access A DUT B LAN B Local Access B 64kbps 128kbps 256kbps 384kbps 512kbps 768kbps T1/E1 T3/E3 ADSL Cable Fiber ---------------- Occupancy level Qos Edge Router 1000BaseX 100BaseT Switch 100BaseT Hub 10BaseT WLAN (~4Mbps) ----------------- Occupancy level Packet loss

6. Network Impairments and Parameters that Affect Voice and Video Quality Network Architecture Types of Access Links QoS controlled Edge Routing MTU Size Packet Loss (Frame Loss) Out of order packets One Way Delay (Latency) Variable Delays (Jitter) Background Traffic (Occupancy) Timing Drift Route Flapping Signaling protocol mismatches Network faults Link Failures

7. TIA-921 and ITU-T G.NIMM Test Profiles Based on QoS Classes Statistically based models for different QoS Classes Service Test Profiles QoS Class (Y.1541) Applications (Examples)Node Mechanisms Network Techniques Well ‑ Managed IP Network (Profile A) 0High quality video and VoIP, VTC (Real-time applications, loss sensitive, jitter sensitive, high interaction) Strict QoS, guaranteed no over subscription on links Constrained routing and distance Best-Effort IP Network (Profile B) 1VoIP, VTC (Real-time applications, jitter sensitive, interactive) Separate queue with preferential servicing, traffic grooming Less constrained routing and distances Unmanaged IP Network, Internet (Profile C) 2Lower quality video and VoIP, signaling, transaction data (highly interactive) Separate queue, drop priority Constrained routing and distance 3Transaction data, interactive Less constrained routing and distances 4Short transactions, bulk data (low loss) Long queue, drop priority Any route/path 5Traditional Internet applications (default IP networks) Separate queue (lowest priority) Any route/path

8. TIA-921 and ITU-T G.NIMM Test Profiles Based on QoS (Y.1541) Classes Profile C Un-Managed Network Impairment Ranges Table 4 Profile B Best Effort Managed Network Impairment Ranges Table 3 Profile A Well Managed Network Impairment Ranges Table 2 Different test profiles for different Service Level Agreements (SLAs) Impairment TypeUnitsRange Jitter (Peak to Peak) ms 0 to 500 One Way Average Latency ms 50 to 800 Sequential Packet Loss # of sequential packets 2 to 500 Rate of Sequential Loss sec -1 < 10 -1 Random Packet Loss % 0 to 20 Out of Sequence Packets % 0 to 10 Impairment TypeUnitsRange Jitter (Peak to Peak) ms 0 to 150 One Way Average Latency ms 50 to 200 Sequential Packet Loss # of sequential packets 2 to 5 Rate of Sequential Loss sec -1 < 10 -3 Random Packet Loss % 0 to 2 Out of Sequence Packets % 0 to 0.1 Impairment TypeUnitsRange Jitter (Peak to Peak) ms 0 to 40 One Way Average Latency ms 20 to 60 Sequential Packet Loss # of sequential packets Random loss only Rate of Sequential Loss sec -1 Random Packet Loss % 0 to 0.05 Out of Sequence Packets % 0 to 0.001

9. TIA-921 and ITU-T G.NIMM 8 Impairment Severity Combinations Table 10: Impairment Severity Combinations Severity=>ABCDEFGH ImpairmentUnits Profile A LOO%50301550000 Profile B LOO%525302510500 Profile C LOO%5510152025155 Source Location (A) Parameters LAN A Occupancy%12358121620 Access A Occupancy%01248153050 MTU Abytes512 1508 Core Network Impairments Route flap intervalseconds03600180090048024012060 Route flap delayms0248163264128 Delayms48163264128256512 Jitter (peak to peak)ms510254070100150500 Link fail intervalseconds03600180090048024012060 Link fail durationms06412825640080016003000 Packet loss%00.010.020.040.10.20.51 Reorder factor%012346810 Destination Location (B) Parameters Access B Occupancy%01248153050 MTU Bbytes512 1508 LAN B Occupancy%12358121620

10. TIA-921 and ITU-T G.NIMM LAN and Access Rates Table 7: Access Rates for Home Locations Table 8: Access Rates for Business Locations Table 6: LAN Rates for Business Locations Table 5: LAN Rates for Home Locations 133 LAN/Access Rate Combinations Home Rates Business Rates LAN RateLOORepresents Mbit/s% 475802.11b, 10BaseT hub 2025802.11g, 100BaseT hub LAN RateLOORepresents Mbit/s% 420802.11b, 10BaseT 20 802.11g, 100BaseT hub 10060100 BaseT switched, Gbit Ethernet Access RateLOORepresents Toward coreFrom core% kbit/s 12876840Cable, ADSL 384153650Cable, ADSL 384300010Cable, ADSL Access RateLOORepresents Toward coreFrom core% kbit/s 384153640ADSL entry 384300015ADSL premium 1536 40T1 43000 5T3 LAN and Access Rates (New Revision of Standard/Recomendation) will change as network conditions change

11. TIA-921 and ITU-T G.NIMM Statistically Based IP Network Impairment Conditions (ICs) based on SLAs IC– 96A Probability (LOO = 0.00256% ) Call Quality Metric Impairment Condition

12. TIA-921 and ITU-T G.NIMM Statistically Based IP Network Impairment Conditions (ICs) based on SLAs Call Quality Metric Impairment Condition IC– 96E Probability (LOO = 0.01025% )

13. TIA-921 and ITU-T G.NIMM Statistically Based IP Network Impairment Conditions (ICs) based on SLAs Link Failure Route Flap Call Quality Metric Impairment Condition IC– 96H Probability (LOO = 0.00256%)

14. TIA-921 and ITU-T G.NIMM Example of Network Model Coverage Curve The Network Model Coverage curves may be used to test the performance of a set of devices across a range of impairment conditions for a given quality metric. Test Results from 1064 Statistically based IP Network Impairment Combinations. OR

15. TIA-921 and ITU-T G.NIMM Example of Network Model Coverage Curve The Network Model Coverage curves may be used to test the performance of a set of devices across a range of impairment conditions for a given quality metric. Test Results from 1064 Statistically based IP Network Impairment Combinations. OR

16. History of TR30.3 Network Model Standards TIA/EIA 496A-1989: Interface Between Data Circuit Terminating Equipment (DCE) and the Public Switched Telephone Network – Included Network Model for Evaluating Modem Performance TIA/EIA TSB 37A-1994: Telephone Network Transmission Model for Evaluating Analog Modem Performance, which became ITU-T Recommendation V.56bis-1995 EIA/TIA TSB 38-1994: Test Procedures for Evaluation of 2-Wire 4 Kilohertz Voice Band Duplex Modems, which became ITU-T Recommendation V.56ter-1996 ANSI/TIA/EIA 3700-1999: Telephone Network Transmission Model for Evaluating Analog Modem Performance ANSI/TIA/EIA 793 -2000: North American Telephone Network Transmission Model for Evaluating Analog Client and Digitally Connected Server Modems ANSI/TIA 876 – 2002: North American Network Access Transmission Model for Evaluating xDSL Modem Performance

17. TR30.3 Liaison Activities Liaisons activities between TR30.3 and appropriate committees to develop TIA-921 (PN-3-0062), Network Model for Evaluating Multimedia Transmission Performance Over Internet Protocol – TR41.4 – TR45.5 – ITU-T SG12 – ITU-T SG9 – ITU-T SG15 Working with Operating Companies and Service providers to provide statistically accurate IP network impairment model

18. TIA-921 Target Audience for Network Model Network Equipment Manufacturers Operating Companies Service Providers Design Engineers Test houses Magazines and product reviewers