1. International Standards and the International Labour Organisation

2. Industrial Revolution …. World War 1 …Industrialised Countries … Poor working conditions … High rates of unemployment … : Constitution of the ILO (1919) Set up for:- History and Goals of the ILO Humanitarian reasons Political reasons Economic reasons The Golden Age of Standard Setting The Golden Age of Standard Setting

3. The International Labour Organisation and their Safe Work philosophy

4. Stress Ageing workforce Right to know Chemicals Ergonomics Management and safety culture Occupational health services New technologies etc. Safe Work – Priorities in Industrialised Countries

5. Safe Work - Priorities in Developing Countries Agriculture Other dangerous occupations Major accidents and fires Safety, housekeeping and productivity Silicosis - work related diseases Vulnerable groups, child workers Transfer of technology etc.

6. At enterprise level: ILO-OSH 2001 “Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems” At national level: National OSH Programme Management system approach Classicalapproach ILO Standards (Conventions, Recommendations, Codes of Practice) ratified, adapted into national regulation Enforcement and advisory services by Labour Inspection Knowledge: information services and research Advocacy: training, promotion, partnerships Alliances, technical cooperation and twinning, and resource mobilization ILO Strategies

7. Reliable and valid Easily available Easily comprehensible Demonstrative Instructive Part of an integrated approach towards better OSH Stimulate action for improvement Indicate strong/weak points of national OSH system Assist in setting priorities for action Used for follow up National Indicators National OSH Programme Country Profile ILO - National Indicators Should be:-

8. National Indicators National OSH Programme Country Profile Standards should be prepared at country level Include basic data on all parameters with influence on OSH management at national and enterprise level Provide practical information on ongoing activities at country level Enable the country to identify gaps in the legal, institutional, administrative and technical infrastructure related to the management of OSH Provide means for improved coordination among all parties interested in OSH ILO - Country profile

9. Occupational Safety and Health Standards

10. Conventions and Recommendations The development and implementation of international standards on labour and social matters is a key function of the International Labour Organisation The standards take the form of Conventions and Recommendations. More than 70 address occupational safety and health matters.

11. Conventions Conventions are comparable to multilateral international treaties: –they are open to ratification by member States –once ratified, create specific, binding obligations. A State that has ratified a Convention is expected to apply its provisions by legislation or by other appropriate means The Government is required to report regularly on the application of ratified Conventions. Conventions that have not been ratified have the same value as Recommendations.

12. Recommendations Recommendations offer guidelines for action. A Recommendation may elaborate upon the provisions of a Convention. Member States procedural obligations –to submit to legislative bodies –to report on the action resulting and to report occasionally at the request of the Governing Body There are no specific substantive obligations

13. Summary on Conventions and Recommendations Both influence laws and regulations of member States. Many texts have been modeled on the relevant provisions of ILO instruments Drafts of new legislation or amendments are often prepared with ILO standards in mind so as to ensure compliance with ratified Conventions or to permit the ratification of other Conventions

14. Four categories of occupational safety and health standards Guiding policies for action. Protection in given branches of economic activity. Protection against specific risks. Measures of protection.

15. The Occupational Safety and Health Convention 1981 No. 155 and Recommendation (No. 164) Progressive application of comprehensive preventive measures Adoption of a coherent national policy on occupational safety and health. The responsibility of employers for making work and equipment safe and without risk to health The duties and rights of workers.

16. The Occupational Health Services Convention 1985 (No.161) and Recommendation (No. 171) Occupational health services –preventive functions –responsible for advising employers, workers and their representatives on maintaining a safe and health working environment, –adaptation of work to the capabilities of workers. Emphasis –roles –best use of resources and cooperation