3.  MIAN UZAIR SARFARAZ  HASSAN SHAUKAT  MUHAMMAD UMAR  USMAN ARSHAD  WAQAS GILLANI  HAROON AZEEM  NAUMAN AHMED

4. Power energy: Energy generated to power up any kind of equipment, For e.g. energy from electricity, hydrocarbons etc.

6. SOURCES OF ENERGY Fossils & Hydrocarbon. Hydro Resources. Non Renewabl e Solar. Wind. Geothermal. Tidal. Bio fuel. Renewabl e

7. Fossils & Hydrocarb on Hydro Resources Nuclear Resources Solar Wind Resources

8. ENERGY PRODUCTION

9. Power consumption : because of increasing needs of industry, agriculture and households has been on the rise. According to an estimate, between the period of 1990 and 2003 the total consumption increased by 84 per cent, from 31th to 57th. Presently, an annual average increase of 7 per cent has been postulated. The energy sector, in which the government has a greater role to play, will have to work hard to make up for the existing deficit and to meet the growing demand.

10. Capacity: 40,000 MW Generated: 8000 MW out of 11327 MW

11.  In Pakistan, nuclear power makes a small contribution to total energy production and requirements, supplying only 2.30% of the country's electricity.  Nuclear energy is yet another source of energy and at present PAEC produces 472 MW.

12.  Pakistan wind power plan are under progress.  P.M GILANI introduced a project on 19 th April 2009 at JHIMPUR,THATTA DISTRICT,SINDH.  The project is in collaboration with Turkey and China under (AEDB) “ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT BOARD”.  About 250 M.watts of electricity will be produced.

13. Pakistan has a deficit of fossils or hydrocarbons sources of energy and to cover up the deficit, it depends upon importing crude oil at an enormous cost from its meager forex reserves. The need of crude oil is on an increase because of an improved life style which has necessitated the use of vehicles and cars for transportation. Import of oil at around $110 per barrel. Increases the trade deficit and the current account deficit. It makes fiscal management a difficult task which affects the government as well as the people.

15. HYDEL POWER IS THE MOST IMPORTANT AND RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY RELATIVELY LOW OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS MINIMAL POLLUTION 19% OF TOTAL ENERGY PRODUCTION CHINA IS THE BIGGEST HYDEL POWER PRODUCER FOLLOWED BY CANADA, BRAZIL AND USA

16. BIGGEST DAM IN THE WORLD. GENERATION CAPACITY 22500 MW. COST $30BILLION COMPLETED IN 2006. FULLY OPERATIONAL BY 2011.

17. MANGLA DAM TARBELA DAM GHAZI-BAROTHA

18. MANGLA DAM CONSTRUCTED IN 1967. LOCATED ON JEHLUM RIVER. POWER GENERATION CAPACITY OF 1000 MW. PLAN TO INCREASE POWER GENERATION CAPACITY BY 644MW.

19. L OCATED ON INDUS RIVER IN HARIPUR. CONSTRUCTED IN 1974. ORIGINAL POWER GENERATION CAPACITY 2100 MW. INCREASED TO 3478 MW. PLANS TO INCREASE TOTAL POWER GENERATION CAPACITY TO 4200 MW.

20. GHAZ-BROTHA PROJECT LOCATED ON INDUS RIVER COMPLETED IN 2002. IT IS RUN-OF-RIVER HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT. ESTIMATED COST $2.3 BILLON. POWER GENERATION CAPACITY 1450 MW.

21. LOCATED ON INDUS RIVER IN NORTHERN AREAS OF PAKISTAN. PERIOD OF CONSTRUCTION 2009-2016. ESTEMATED COST $12 BILLON. POWER GENERATION CAPACITY 4500MW.

22.  AKHORI DAM  KALABAGH DAM

23. KALABAGH DAM LOCATED ON INDUS RIVER IN MIANWALI DISTRICT. IT WOULD BE EARTH FILL DAM. INSTALLED CAPACITY 3600 MW. CONSTRUCTION CONTROVERSIAL.

24. AKHORI DAM LOCATED ON HARO RIVER NEAR AKHORI VILLAGE 28 KM EAST OF ATTOCK. ESTIMATED COST $I.6 BILLION. WATER STORAGE CAPACITY OF 6 MILLION ACRE FEET. POWER GENERATION CAPACITY 600 MW

25.  Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies.  Solar radiation, along with secondary solar- powered resources such as wind and wave power, hydroelectricity and biomass, account for most of the available renewable energy on earth. Only a minuscule fraction of the available solar energy is used.

26.  In these days of escalating oil prices, it’s becoming extremely difficult for a common citizen to pay off monthly electricity bills. The bills keep soaring day by day and there seems to be no respite in foreseeable future. These bills can be reduced by resorting to other methods of generating electricity, solar being one of them.

27.  A practical example of the use of solar energy could be seen in some villages of Pakistan where each house has been provided with a solar panel that’s sufficient to run an electric fan and two energy saving bulbs.

28.  Running expenditure is low.  No carbon dioxide emission to add to the green house effect.  No sulphur dioxide emission to cause Acid rain.  Solar cells can be quickly setup in remote areas.  Local communities can benefit from small scale production.

29.  The initial cost of solar cell can be very high.  The output is weather dependent and only in day time.  Many solar panels are needed to production on large scale.

31. OIL AND GAS INFALTION PETROL: 87.56 RUPEESS/LIT DIESEL:73.14RUPPEE/LIT CNG:56.17/kg

32. PETROLEUM Pakistan has limited petroleum, oil imports has to be made in order to fulfill its needs. Few oil reservoirs are found in Sindh and Potowar region. COAL  Coal reserves were boosted substantially in May 1992 when a large coal field was discovered in the Thar Desert in Sindh. In early 1993, these reserves were estimated at 17 billion tons.

33. CONT…  Output was 1.3 million tons in 1992. The bulk of production is from small, privately owned mines whose owners generally lack funds, expertise, and interest in expanding output.  A public-sector firm, the Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation, accounted for about one-fifth of output in the early 1990s. The corporation has six operational mines--at Degari, Sor Range, and Sharigh in Balochistan; Lakhra and Meting in Sindh; and at the Makerwal/Gullakhel complex straddling the border between Punjab and the North-West Frontier Province.

34. Natural Gas Pakistan has got abundant gas fields and has a capability of forming an extensive network of gas storage and diversification to whole country. Gas fields are located in Baluchistan; upper and lower Sindh; lower Punjab and Potowar region. Government has initialized a gas project with Turkmenistan of length 790km from Afghan-Turk border terminating at Multan.

35. Pakistan has many dams it is a nuclear power but still we are facing problems of load shedding and energy crisis because of “God gifted” government and ill foreign policy.

36.  Lack of future planning.  Non implementation of projects.  Feudalism.  Lack of capital (to some extend).  Lack of energy conservation rules.  Lack of exploration technologies and expertise.  International market inflation.

38. Due to load shedding the economic system of Pakistan is going down day by day. Every single person is effected by energy crisis whether it is businessman,Employer or a worker. The poverty ratio is increasing day by day.

39. HOW TO ESCAPE OUT!!?? We offer “AEPs” to the Government Of PAKISTAN; AEPs stand for “ALTERNATATIVE ENERGY PROJECTS” In order to get Pakistan out from present energy crisis Of electricity generation, we propose following ways:

40. Tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into electricity or other useful forms of power.

41.  The rising and falling of the waves moves the buoy-like structure creating mechanical energy which is converted into electricity and transmitted to shore over a submerged transmission line  Wave power is the transport of energy by ocean surface waves, and the capture of that energy to do useful work — for example for electricity generation, water desalination, or the pumping of water

42.  This natural energy form can be gathered directly from the environment or extracted from ordinary electricity by the method called Fractionation.  One of the earliest wireless telephones to be based on radiant energy was invented by Nikola Tesla

43.  Biomass, as a renewable energy source, refers to living and recently dead biological material that can be used as fuel. In context, biomass refers to plant matter grown to generate electricity or produce for example trash such as dead trees and branches, yard clippings and wood chips bio fuel, and it also includes plant or animal matter used for production of fibers, chemicals or heat.  United States produces about 0.5 percent of the U.S. electricity supply.

44.  www.google.com www.google.com  www.indexmundi.com/pakistan/oil_consu mption.html www.indexmundi.com/pakistan/oil_consu mption.html  www.psopk.com www.psopk.com  www.viewstonews.com/index.php/turkme nistan-pakistan-gas-pipeline- project/pakistan/ www.viewstonews.com/index.php/turkme nistan-pakistan-gas-pipeline- project/pakistan/  www.pogeepakistan.com/ www.pogeepakistan.com/

46. x NOT ALLOWED NOT ALLOWED