1. History of Editing James Williamson of Hove The first films to be edited was directed by James Williamson of Hove, both films were realized in the same year. The Big Swallow (James Williamson, 1901) and Fire! (James Williamson,1901) Edwin Stanton Porter (1870 – 1941) Edwin Stanton worked for Edison. He was inspired by James Williamson idea from Fire 1901. Edwin Stanton also brought up a new shot which showed emotions and facial expressions (Close up) and paved the way for mainstream Hollywood continuity editing. Soviet Montage gives an emotive response because of its non-liner structure for example in The battle of Potemkin Sergei Eisenstein developed his theory in soviet montage by confusing the audience in believing the soldiers were able to spend most of the film walking down the stairs. Lev Kuleshov used different by juxtaposition text next to each other an emotive response to the audience. Hollywood Editing has a linier continuity structure, this makes it easier for the spectator to follow the storyline or the structure of a film.

2. Graphic Match Graphic match is a technique of using a similar shape of which could a an object or prop within the frame referencing it to the next shot in the frame. In Psycho the shower scene Alfred Hitchcock used a lot of graphic match in the shower scene by showing the shower head referencing the object to the women’s head as a weak, venerable character. Also the eye ball and the water going down the drain shows the women that she has lost her life. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VP5jEAP3K4

3. Eye Line Match An eye line match is when a character is looking at an object and the next shot shows what the character is looking at. The eye line match is used in continuity editing it is an aspect for the audience/spectator to follow the action from the character. Most eye line match shots are POV making the audience involved in the action. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSFD6aIhvFI

4. Match On Action A match on action cut follows the action from the previous shot to the next shot, this means the shot continues to flow during the next shot. Film makers uses match on action shot shows continuity in the shots next to each other. A visual match on action: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKS2d6TyiWo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKS2d6TyiWo

5. Shot Reverse Shot A shot reverse shot is an edit occurring in a conversation of two people talking with the camera not going beyond the 180 degree rule. The shot reverse shot keeps the film flowing but by braking the 180 degree rule, this confuses the spectator or audiences. The shot reverse shot can be done with also objects and props because the director may not want to confuse the audience. In Hunger games they used shot reverse shot between Katniss Everdeen and Peeta Mellark. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1Ey0a6LJRA

6. Jump cuts A jump cut is an abstract transition from a shot to another giving an effect of jumping forward in time which disorients the audience. The effect of a jump cancel's out continuity editing by the discontinuity or acceleration of the time also because the spectator is left wondering what has just happened. Sergei Eisenstein’s used jump cuts in Battle of Potemkin to repeat the solders marching down the stairs. A visual effect for a jump cut. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ov4mQJIHhc