2. …methods to get Fresh Water out of ocean water Desalination –Distillation –Reverse Osmosis Freezing …we get 13 million liters DAILY from the ocean!

3. Distillation Boil sea water to vapor (H 2, O 2 ) Condense the vapor to pure H 2 O Requires lots of energy

4. Heat... condense... Collect the pure H 2 O! evaporate...

6. Desalination in Japan

7. … freshwater!

8. Freezing Freeze sea water to -2 o C Salt is pushed out of the ice crystals as they form- Melt ice to get pure H 2 O One-sixth the energy cost of distillation

9. … freshwater!

10. Reverse Osmosis Pump sea water through filters (membranes) that block salt, but allow H 2 O molecules through. The newest & best technology available.

11. Filtering System Different layers of the filter The first filter gets the largest objects out of the water The last filter layer called the membrane rejects the salt

12. Reverse Osmosis

13. … freshwater!

14. CONSERVATION is still the cheapest way… don’t waste fresh water!

15. Mineral Resources Nodules of Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni, Co, & phosphates form on the abyssal plain (grow 1 mm every million years!) ALSO - we mine salt, bromine, & magnesium...

16. …but the “big daddy” is PETROLEUM! Oil, that is… Black gold,Texas tea… 25% of world oil supply comes from offshore drilling on the continental shelves.

17. * Gulf of Mexico * North Sea * Persian Gulf * Alaska Coast *California Coast

18. AQUACULTURE The farming of the ocean 1/2 billion people world-wide suffer from lack of protein Ocean farms can produce much more protein-rich food per acre than land farms Problems: pollution…

19. Japanese prawn farm Farm-raised Vietnamese catfish Miqmak Indians raise salmon in Newfoundland

20. Artificial upwelling Nutrient-rich bottom water can be pumped up to surface to fertilize the surface