1.  Hadera Desalination Plant Background, Site Visit, and Significance for Israel

2. Desalination in Israel  1999: Government initiation of long term, large-scale SWRO desalination program  2002: Construction of the first large-scale desalination facility  2005: Desalination program makes first contribution of potable water to the national grid  2014: Expected – desalinated water closes gap between supply and demand in Israel

3. Desalination in Israel

4. Hadera Plant – Fact Sheet  One of three large-scale desalination plants in operation in Israel  Capacity: 127 M m 3 /year  Technology: Reverse Osmosis  Project Type: BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer)  World’s largest SWRO plant

5. Site Visit

9. Importance for Israel  Past decade – Severe drought and growing population  Desalination part of the solution for Israel  Problems to be addressed:  Environmental concerns  Land use  Energy efficiency