1. University of Stuttgart | Institute for Construction Economics | Dipl.-Ing. E. Beusker Indicators and Drivers of Occupancy Costs defining the problem approach objectives/ results ERES Conference 2009 1 Dipl.-Ing. Elisabeth Beusker Prof. Dr. Christian Stoy Institute for Construction Economics University of Stuttgart

2. University of Stuttgart | Institute for Construction Economics | Dipl.-Ing. E. Beusker occupancy costs comprise the biggest part of LCC occupancy costs p.a. in percentage of the construction costs, related to different object-types (according to Grondring) defining the problem ERES Conference 2009 2 schools an kindergartens30% 3 - 4 years

3. University of Stuttgart | Institute for Construction Economics | Dipl.-Ing. E. Beusker operation and maintenance costs €/ m² gross external area * year (incl. VAT, 2007) defining the problem ERES Conference 2009 3 school 1 school 2 school 3 school 4 school 5 school 6 gymnasium 1 gymnasium 2 gymnasium 3 gymnasium 4 gymnasium 5 gymnasium 6 utilities operation, inspection and repair cleaning/care of the building maintenance of constructions cleaning/care of external structures maintenance of technical installations

4. University of Stuttgart | Institute for Construction Economics | Dipl.-Ing. E. Beusker ► what comprises and drives occupancy costs of municipal buildings? phase I phase II phase III objectives ► databased management of municipal buildings approach ERES Conference 2009 4 definition of relevant cost driversdefinition of the cost structure collecting the data (schools, gymnasiums) analyzing and describing the data definition of relevant cost drivers and indicators

5. University of Stuttgart | Institute for Construction Economics | Dipl.-Ing. E. Beusker factor groups indicators (examples) utilizationtype, standard and intensity of use builidng characteristics functional charactristics geometry, orientation of the building technical characteristicsyear, type and present condition of constructions, percentage of glass surfaces, kind of energy source, standard of technical installations strategie maintenance strategie, energy management, reporting contracting, outsourcing-rate location region topography of the plot environmentstandards, market dynamics, climate definition of relevant cost drivers ERES Conference 2009 5

6. University of Stuttgart | Institute for Construction Economics | Dipl.-Ing. E. Beusker capital costs capital resources, depreciation management costs labour costs, material costs, external services operating costs costs of utilities, costs of wast disposal, costs of cleaning an care, costs of operation, inspection and repair, costs of monitoring and security, charges and contributions maintenance costs maintenance costs of constructions, maintenance costs of technical installat., maintenance costs of external structures, maintenance costs of interiors ► object-related occupancy costs definition of the cost structure - DIN 18960 (2008) ERES Conference 2009 6

7. University of Stuttgart | Institute for Construction Economics | Dipl.-Ing. E. Beusker investigation of occupancy costs (cross tabulation) time-series analysis quantity survey plot areas areas and volumes of buildings, DIN 277 (2005) element surfaces investigation of object data (data entry form) general data of the object interviews (occupants, facilities manager, owner) present condition of constructions and technical installations plan-specific data collecting the data (schools, gymnasiums) ERES Conference 2009 7

8. University of Stuttgart | Institute for Construction Economics | Dipl.-Ing. E. Beusker description and quantification of relevant cost drivers for occupancy costs (design rules, basic conditions) definition of relevant indicators for occupancy costs results for the projectpartner occupancy costs benchmarks of municipal buildings mitigation occupancy costs (provision of real estate, allocation of occupancy expenditures to external users) forecasting occupancy costs utilization of LCC as a decision criterion (evaluation of alternatives in early project phases) ► optimization of planning, building and using cost-optimized and financially sustainable real estate objectives of the investigation ERES Conference 2009 8