1. Attendance Climate Questions Climate Review Sheet answers You have a test tomorrow that is worth 40% of your grade.

3. How much of the Earth’s surface is covered by water?  75%

4. The recycling of water on Earth is called:  The Water Cycle

5. Water falling from the sky is called:  precipitation

6. Water changing from a liquid to a gas is called:  evaporation

7. The evaporation of water from vegetation is called  Transpiration

8. Water soaking into the ground is called  Infiltration

9. Water stored in the soil is called  groundwater

10. Water flowing across the surface of the Earth is called:  Run off

11. Ground water is _______ as it moves through the rock and soil.  Filtered

12. The steeper the slope, the ___ infiltration.  less

13. If something is saturated that means that the pore spaces are ______.  Filled

14. The percentage of pore spaces is called  Porosity

15. The greater the porosity the __________ the infiltration  Greater

16. Well-rounded particles have ______ porosity.  more

17. The more closely packed the particles, the ______ the porosity.  less

18. When all the particles are the same size, they are said to be ________.  Sorted

19. The ability of a material to allow fluids such as water to pass through it  Permeability

20. What does permeability depend on?  Shape of the pores  How well connected the pores are  If the rock is cemented together  How well the particles are sorted

21. An attractive force between water molecules and the soil or rock particles that moves water upward.  Capillarity

22. Plants, shrubs, trees and grass are called __________.  Vegetation

23. The more vegetation, the ______ the infiltration.  more

24. Roads, parking lots and buildings _________ run off.  increase

25. The amount of water in a stream is called ___________  Stream discharge

26. The greater the run off, the _______________ the stream discharge.  greater

27. When does flooding occur?  The stream overflows from its normal channel.  It rains faster than it can soak in.  There is storm surge from a hurricane.  There is a storm along a coastline.  Rising sea level

28. What do you do to prevent death or injury during a flood?  Move to higher ground  Have a citywide evacuation plan

29. Incoming Solar Radiation is called  Insolation

30. What are other names for Sunshine?  Insolation  Electromagnetic energy  Solar radiation  Short-wave radiation

31. What does intensity of insolation mean?  Strength of sunshine

32. The higher the angle of insolation, the _______ the intensity.  greater

33. The sun appears to rise in the _______.  east

34. The sun appears to set in the _______.  west

35. What does duration of insolation mean?  The length of time the sun shines.

36. When do we have the greatest duration of insolation?  June 21 st – over 15 hours

37. When do we have the least duration of insolation?  December 21 st

38. When does every one on Earth have exactly 12 hours of sunshine?  March or September 21st

39. What place on Earth has 24 hrs of daylight on June 21 st ?  The North Pole, 90 degrees N

40. The amount of energy it takes to raise one cubic centimeter one degree Celsius is called _________.  Specific Heat

41. Why does water heat up slowly?  Water has a higher specific heat.  Water reflects light more than land does.  Water is transparent so light heats up a greater volume.

42. The energy that the Earth gives off is called _____________________.  Terrestrial radiation

43. What are other names for energy that the Earth gives off?  Terrestrial Radiation  Long-wave radiation  Infrared energy

44. Gases in the atmosphere let sunshine in and traps the Earth’s energy near the Earth. This is called the __________________.  Greenhouse Effect

45. Name three greenhouse gases.  Carbon Dioxide  Water Vapor  Methane

46. What do humans do to unfortunately increase the greenhouse gases?  Deforestation  Burning fossil fuels  Digestion from animals

47. The atmospheric conditions for a large area for a large period of time is called __________.  Climate

48. Climate can be classified by looking at ________ and amount of ____________.  temperature precipitation

49. What factors affect climate?  Latitude  Large body of water  Prevailing winds  Surface ocean currents  Elevation above sea level  Mountains  Vegetation  Cloud Cover

50. The lower the latitude, the _________ the temperature.  higher

51. Describe the moderating effect.  Living by a large body of water  Water stays cool longer – making a cooler summer.  Water stays warm longer – making a warmer winter.

52. What are the Monsoons?  Seasonal shifts as the prevailing winds shift with the seasons in Asia.

53. Surface Ocean Currents carry _______________ to land.  Wind currents

54. Higher elevations have ________ elevations.  Lower

55. When one side of the mountain is cold and rainy and the other side is dry and warm, it is called the _______________________.  Orographic Effect

56. When rainforests are cut down, the area becomes ____________________.  Hotter and drier

57. Areas with a lot of clouds are _________ than areas without clouds.  cooler

58. List 3 reasons why the inside of the Earth is hot:  Radioactivity of the rocks in the Earth  Friction of the rocks moving toward the center of the Earth  Heat left over from the Earth’s formation

59. The movement of energy through the air is called ______________.  radiation

60. The movement of energy through solids is called _ _________ _____.  Conduction

61. The movement of energy through fluids is called _____________.  Convection