1. COGNITIVE SYTLISTICS,SPEECH AND REPRESENTATION DIALOGUE AND DISCOURSE PREPARED BY MIKE KURIA REF BOOK: STYLISTICS: A RESOURCE BOOK FOR STUDENTS By Paul Simpson.

2. COGNITIVE STYLISTICS Shift from the writer to the reader How mental process affect and are affected by our reading Explores links between the human mind and the process of reading Suggests that literature is a way of reading rather than a way of writing Seeks to account for models or stores of knowledge that readers bring into a text before them

3. IDEALISED COGNITIVE MODEL (ICM) Contains information about what is typical for us and it is a domain of knowledge that is brought into play for the processing and understanding of textual representations What images do you have of the following concepts: – Church- The marriage ceremony was officiated in the church- how do we understand that sentence? Why our differences Note that ICM keep being modified by new experience ICMs are activated by minimal syntactic and lexical markers in text- Jeff Dunham the dead terrorist and the phrase “I kill you”. Metaphor and Metonymy play a key role in contemporary cognitive stylistics analysis.

4. SPEECH PRESENTATION Categories of speech presentation – Direct speech- use of quotation marks for the reported clause Reporting clause situated around the reported clause – Indirect speech Is reported by a third party Reported material distant from the actual speech – Free variants of the direct and indirect speech Reporting clauses are removed Inverted commas also removed

5. STAGES OF CHANGING FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH Stages: 1.Make the reported material distant from the actual speech used 2.Alter pronouns by shifting 1 st and 2 nd pronouns (I, you and we) to 3 rd person (he she it or they) 3.Switch deictic(location/space) words from their proximal (close) forms into their distal (distance) forms eg here to there, tomorrow to the following day. 4.Change the direction of the movement of verbs 5.Place tenses in their back shifted forms- to a past tense, eg know to knew, knew to had known etc

6. EXAMPLES OF FREE DS AND IS I will come here tomorrow, she said. ‘I’ll come here tomorrow.’ I will come here tomorrow.(freest form) She would be there the following day She would be there tomorrow

7. THOUGHT PRESENTATION Categories for thought presentation are largely similar similar to speech presentation 1.Do you still love me? (free direct thought: FDT) 2.He wondered, ‘do you still love me?’ (direct thought) 3.Did she still love him? (free indirect thought) 4.He wondered if she still loved him. (indirect thought)

8. NARRATIVE REPORT OF SPEECH AND NARRATIVE REPORT OF THOUGHT EXAMPLES: 1.She spoke of their plans for the day ahead.(NRS) 2.He wonder about her love for him. (NRT)

10. UNDERSTANDING DIALOGUE IN DRAMA: CONTEXT STRUCTURE AND STRATEGY All naturally occurring language takes place in a context of use which can be divided into the following three basic categories: – Physical context: workplace, home environment, public area etc – Personal context: social and personal relationships of the interactants such as age, gender, group membership, social and institutional roles of speakers and hearers – Cognitive context: shared and background knowledge held by participants in action

11. WHAT WOULD BE THE REASONS FOR THESE CHOICES? Could you lend me a hundrend shillings please? Lend me five shillings I don’t suppose you will be able to do this, but could you lend me 100 shillings please The ATM is not working, so could you lend 100 shillings please? I would really be eternally grateful to you for this- could you lend me a 100 shillings please?