1. Measures of Population Change Births, Deaths and Fertility

2. World Population

3. Crude Birth Rate Annual number of births per 1,000 population Annual number of births per 1,000 population

4. Crude Birth Rate

5. Crude Death Rate Total number of deaths per 1,000 population Total number of deaths per 1,000 population

6. Crude Death Rate

8. Infant Mortality Rate Number of deaths each year to infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births Number of deaths each year to infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births

9. Infant Mortality Rate

10. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) Number of children born to the average woman of childbearing age Number of children born to the average woman of childbearing age Replacement rate = 2.1 Replacement rate = 2.1 Must be greater than this in order for population to grow Must be greater than this in order for population to grow World average: 2.8 World average: 2.8

11. Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

12. Rate of Natural Increase Measure of growth Measure of growth Natural Increase = Natural Increase = (Crude Birth Rate – Crude Death Rate)/10(Crude Birth Rate – Crude Death Rate)/10 Does not count immigration/emigration Does not count immigration/emigration World average: 1.4% World average: 1.4%

13. Natural Increase

14. Life Expectancy Average number of years before death Average number of years before death

15. Life Expectancy

16. Arithmetic Population Density Number of people per square mile or square kilometer Number of people per square mile or square kilometer World = 53 per km 2 World = 53 per km 2 Lowest Lowest Mongolia = 2Mongolia = 2 Highest Highest Monaco = 18,068Monaco = 18,068 USA = 35 USA = 35

17. World Population Density

18. Physiologic Population Density Number of people per sq. mile or sq. km of arable land Number of people per sq. mile or sq. km of arable land Highest Highest Singapore = 440,998 per km 2Singapore = 440,998 per km 2 Lowest Lowest Australia = 43Australia = 43 United States = 179 United States = 179

19. Egypt Population (2006) Population (2006) 76.4 million76.4 million Arithmetic Density Arithmetic Density 7878 Pysiologic Density Pysiologic Density 2,6682,668

21. Population Growth

22. Doubling Time How many years it takes for population to double How many years it takes for population to double Useful population growth measure Useful population growth measure World population doubling time has been decreasing World population doubling time has been decreasing

24. S-Curve

25. Carrying Capacity