1. Water and pH Water’s polar nature allows it to form hydrogen bonds. These bonds give water many important qualities.

2. Hydrogen Bonding of Water Molecules

3. Properties of Water Important to Life: Cohesion: ___________________________ ___________________________________ Cohesion: ___________________________ ___________________________________ Importance to living things: Importance to living things:  Creates _____________, which allows for some organisms to walk on water.  Allows strings of water to be pulled up to the leaves in tall trees.

4. Properties of Water Important to Life: Cohesion: an attraction between molecules of the same substance Cohesion: an attraction between molecules of the same substance Importance to living things: Importance to living things:  Creates ______________, which allows for some organisms to walk on water.  Allows strings of water to be pulled up to the leaves in tall trees.

5. Properties of Water Important to Life: Cohesion: an attraction between molecules of the same substance Cohesion: an attraction between molecules of the same substance Importance to living things: Importance to living things:  Creates surface tension, which allows for some organisms to walk on water.  Allows strings of water to be pulled up to the leaves in tall trees.

6. Properties of Water Important to Life: Adhesion- Adhesion-  Ever wonder why water in a glass graduated cylinder appears to climb up the side of the cylinder? The water is attracted to the glass and sticks to it through the process of adhesion.

7. Properties of Water Important to Life: Adhesion-an attraction between molecules of different substances Adhesion-an attraction between molecules of different substances  Ever wonder why water in a glass graduated cylinder appears to climb up the side of the cylinder? The water is attracted to the glass and sticks to it through the process of adhesion.

8. Adhesion (cont) Importance to living things: Importance to living things:  Water is attracted to the tubes in plants, called xylem, that carry it from the roots to the leaves. As a result, it sticks to the sides of the tubes and resists gravity.

9. Properties of Water Important to Life: Ice is less dense than water. Ice is less dense than water.  Why?  Importance to living things:  Ice floats allowing for

10. Properties of Water Important to Life: Ice is less dense than water. Ice is less dense than water.  Why? Water expands as it freezes.  Importance to living things:  Ice floats allowing for

11. Properties of Water Important to Life: Ice is less dense than water. Ice is less dense than water.  Why? Water expands as it freezes.  Importance to living things:  Ice floats allowing for fish and underwater plant life to survive in regions with cold winters

12. Properties of Water Important to Life: Water is an excellent solvent. Water is an excellent solvent.  Solution-  2 parts:  Solvent-  Solute-

13. Properties of Water Important to Life: Water is an excellent solvent. Water is an excellent solvent.  Solution- mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed  2 parts:  Solvent-  Solute-

14. Properties of Water Important to Life: Water is an excellent solvent. Water is an excellent solvent.  Solution- mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed  2 parts:  Solvent-the substance that dissolves  Solute-

15. Properties of Water Important to Life: Water is an excellent solvent. Water is an excellent solvent.  Solution- mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed  2 parts:  Solvent-the substance that dissolves  Solute-the substance that is dissolved

16. Properties of Water Important to Life: What dissolves in water? What dissolves in water? “Like dissolves like.” Polar water dissolves Polar water dissolves  These substances are called  Examples include

17. Properties of Water Important to Life: What dissolves in water? What dissolves in water? “Like dissolves like.” Polar water dissolves both ionic compounds and other polar molecules Polar water dissolves both ionic compounds and other polar molecules  These substances are called  Examples include

18. Properties of Water Important to Life: What dissolves in water? What dissolves in water? “Like dissolves like.” Polar water dissolves both ionic compounds and other polar molecules Polar water dissolves both ionic compounds and other polar molecules  These substances are called hydrophilic  Examples include

19. Properties of Water Important to Life: What dissolves in water? What dissolves in water? “Like dissolves like.” Polar water dissolves both ionic compounds and other polar molecules Polar water dissolves both ionic compounds and other polar molecules  These substances are called hydrophilic  Examples include sugar and salt

20. Properties of Water Important to Life: Polar water does NOT dissolve Polar water does NOT dissolve  These substances are called  Examples include

21. Properties of Water Important to Life: Polar water does NOT dissolve nonpolar compounds Polar water does NOT dissolve nonpolar compounds  These substances are called  Examples include

22. Properties of Water Important to Life: Polar water does NOT dissolve nonpolar compounds Polar water does NOT dissolve nonpolar compounds  These substances are called hydrophobic  Examples include

23. Properties of Water Important to Life: Polar water does NOT dissolve nonpolar compounds Polar water does NOT dissolve nonpolar compounds  These substances are called hydrophobic  Examples include oil and wax

24. pH Key Idea: pH is the measure of the amount of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution Key Idea: pH is the measure of the amount of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution

25. pH CharacteristicAcidBase Accepts or donates H+ to the solution Amount of H+ in solution Amount of OH- in solution pH range Examples

26. pH CharacteristicAcidBase Accepts or donates H+ to the solution Donates H+ Amount of H+ in solution Amount of OH- in solution pH range Examples

27. pH CharacteristicAcidBase Accepts or donates H+ to the solution Donates H+Accepts H+ Amount of H+ in solution Amount of OH- in solution pH range Examples

28. pH CharacteristicAcidBase Accepts or donates H+ to the solution Donates H+Accepts H+ Amount of H+ in solution High H+ Amount of OH- in solution pH range Examples

29. pH CharacteristicAcidBase Accepts or donates H+ to the solution Donates H+Accepts H+ Amount of H+ in solution High H+Low H+ Amount of OH- in solution pH range Examples

30. pH CharacteristicAcidBase Accepts or donates H+ to the solution Donates H+Accepts H+ Amount of H+ in solution High H+Low H+ Amount of OH- in solution Low OH- pH range Examples

31. pH CharacteristicAcidBase Accepts or donates H+ to the solution Donates H+Accepts H+ Amount of H+ in solution High H+Low H+ Amount of OH- in solution Low OH-High OH- pH range Examples

32. pH CharacteristicAcidBase Accepts or donates H+ to the solution Donates H+Accepts H+ Amount of H+ in solution High H+Low H+ Amount of OH- in solution Low OH-High OH- pH range Below 7 Examples

33. pH CharacteristicAcidBase Accepts or donates H+ to the solution Donates H+Accepts H+ Amount of H+ in solution High H+Low H+ Amount of OH- in solution Low OH-High OH- pH range Below 7Above 7 Examples

34. pH CharacteristicAcidBase Accepts or donates H+ to the solution Donates H+Accepts H+ Amount of H+ in solution High H+Low H+ Amount of OH- in solution Low OH-High OH- pH range Below 7Above 7 Examples Lemon juice, HCl, Soda

35. pH CharacteristicAcidBase Accepts or donates H+ to the solution Donates H+Accepts H+ Amount of H+ in solution High H+Low H+ Amount of OH- in solution Low OH-High OH- pH range Below 7Above 7 Examples Lemon juice, HCl, SodaBleach, Ammonia, NaOH

36. …great…so how do I remember this stuff? 0714 Strong Acid Weak Acid Strong Base Weak Base Acid Base Neutral

37. No really…how do I do it? H H H H H H OH 0 7 14

38. Random factoids

39. pH It is a logarithmic scale, meaning each number is a power of 10 It is a logarithmic scale, meaning each number is a power of 10

40. pH It is a logarithmic scale, meaning each number is a power of 10 It is a logarithmic scale, meaning each number is a power of 10 For example, a solution with a pH of 5 has 10 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 6 For example, a solution with a pH of 5 has 10 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 6

41. pH Practice Is lemon juice, with a pH of 2.5, an acid, base or neutral? ______________________ Is lemon juice, with a pH of 2.5, an acid, base or neutral? ______________________

42. pH Practice Is lemon juice, with a pH of 2.5, an acid, base or neutral? Acid Is lemon juice, with a pH of 2.5, an acid, base or neutral? Acid

43. pH Practice Is lemon juice, with a pH of 2.5, an acid, base or neutral? Acid Is lemon juice, with a pH of 2.5, an acid, base or neutral? Acid Which has a higher concentration of H+ ions: a solution with a pH of 12 or a solution with a pH of 8? Which has a higher concentration of H+ ions: a solution with a pH of 12 or a solution with a pH of 8?

44. pH Practice Is lemon juice, with a pH of 2.5, an acid, base or neutral? Acid Is lemon juice, with a pH of 2.5, an acid, base or neutral? Acid Which has a higher concentration of H+ ions: a solution with a pH of 12 or a solution with a pH of 8? 8 Which has a higher concentration of H+ ions: a solution with a pH of 12 or a solution with a pH of 8? 8

45. pH Practice Is lemon juice, with a pH of 2.5, an acid, base or neutral? Acid Is lemon juice, with a pH of 2.5, an acid, base or neutral? Acid Which has a higher concentration of H+ ions: a solution with a pH of 12 or a solution with a pH of 8? 8 Which has a higher concentration of H+ ions: a solution with a pH of 12 or a solution with a pH of 8? 8 Is bleach, with a pH of 12.5, an acid, base or neutral? Is bleach, with a pH of 12.5, an acid, base or neutral?

46. pH Practice Is lemon juice, with a pH of 2.5, an acid, base or neutral? Acid Is lemon juice, with a pH of 2.5, an acid, base or neutral? Acid Which has a higher concentration of H+ ions: a solution with a pH of 12 or a solution with a pH of 8? 8 Which has a higher concentration of H+ ions: a solution with a pH of 12 or a solution with a pH of 8? 8 Is bleach, with a pH of 12.5, an acid, base or neutral? Base Is bleach, with a pH of 12.5, an acid, base or neutral? Base

47. pH Practice If you were to decrease the pH of a solution from 6 to 4, how many times greater will the concentration of hydrogen ions be? If you were to decrease the pH of a solution from 6 to 4, how many times greater will the concentration of hydrogen ions be?

48. pH Practice If you were to decrease the pH of a solution from 6 to 4, how many times greater will the concentration of hydrogen ions be? If you were to decrease the pH of a solution from 6 to 4, how many times greater will the concentration of hydrogen ions be?100x