1. Identity Processes and Support for Biodiversity Conservation Giuseppe Carrus 18th iaps Conference Wien, 7-10 July 2004 Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione

2. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 20042 Biodiversity conservation and protected areas Protected areas: main tool for coping with biodiversity loss Major barrier to protected areas: opposition of local communities Worthy issue for EP: studying social psychological factors driving support/ opposition to protected areas

3. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 20043 Biodiversity conservation and protected areas Protected areas: main tool for coping with biodiversity loss Major barrier to protected areas: opposition of local communities Worthy issue for EP: studying social psychological factors driving support/ opposition to protected areas

4. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 20044 Biodiversity conservation and protected areas Protected areas: main tool for coping with biodiversity loss Major barrier to protected areas: opposition of local communities Worthy issue for EP: studying social psychological factors driving support/ opposition to protected areas

5. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 20045 Support/opposition for protected areas 3 domains of social psychological research Environmental concern Commons dilemmas Identity processes

6. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 20046 Support/opposition for protected areas 3 domains of social psychological research Environmental concern Commons dilemmas Identity processes

7. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 20047 Support/opposition for protected areas 3 domains of social psychological research Environmental concern Commons dilemmas Identity processes

8. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 20048 Support/opposition for protected areas 1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN The diffusion of pro-environmental attitudes should lead to generalized support for of protected areas 2 SOCIAL DILEMMAS Dilemmas upon natural resources exploitation should lead to opposition for protected areas

9. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 20049 Support/opposition for protected areas 1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN The diffusion of pro-environmental attitudes should lead to generalized support for of protected areas 2 SOCIAL DILEMMAS Dilemmas upon natural resources exploitation should lead to opposition for protected areas

10. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200410 Identity and opposition to protected areas 2 recent empirical studies S. Stoll-Kleemann, JEP 2001 Group processes encouraging social identity + resource dilemmas as major barriers to protected areas in Germany Bonaiuto et al., JOEP 2001 Negative correlations between regional identification & local attachment and support for protected areas in Italy

11. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200411 Identity and opposition to protected areas 2 recent empirical studies S. Stoll-Kleemann, JEP 2001 Group processes encouraging social identity + resource dilemmas as major barriers to protected areas in Germany Bonaiuto et al., JOEP 2002 Negative correlations between regional identification & local attachment and support for protected areas in Italy

12. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200412 Identity and support for protected areas Recent empirical evidence: high place-identity (Uzzell et al., E&B 2002) predicts pro-env conducts The status of “protected area” should enhance the distinctiveness of a place PIT and SIT: high-identifiers tend to favor their in- place or in-groups, as long as they provide optimal distinctiveness Stoll-Kleeman’s and Bonaiuto et al.’s studies dealt with top-down designated protected areas: what if there is more local involvement?

13. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200413 Identity and support for protected areas Recent empirical evidence: high place-identity (Uzzell et al., E&B 2002) predicts pro-env conducts The status of “protected area” should enhance the distinctiveness of a place PIT and SIT: high-identifiers tend to favor their in- place or in-groups, as long as they provide optimal distinctiveness Stoll-Kleeman’s and Bonaiuto et al.’s studies dealt with top-down designated protected areas: what if there is more local involvement?

14. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200414 Identity and support for protected areas Recent empirical evidence: high place-identity (Uzzell et al., E&B 2002) predicts pro-env conducts The status of “protected area” should enhance the distinctiveness of a place PIT and SIT: high-identifiers tend to favor their in- place or in-groups, as long as they provide optimal distinctiveness Stoll-Kleeman’s and Bonaiuto et al.’s studies dealt with top-down designated protected areas: what if there is more local involvement?

15. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200415 Identity and support for protected areas Recent empirical evidence: high place-identity (Uzzell et al., E&B 2002) predicts pro-env conducts The status of “protected area” should enhance the distinctiveness of a place PIT and SIT: high-identifiers tend to favor their in- place or in-groups, as long as they provide optimal distinctiveness Stoll-Kleeman’s and Bonaiuto et al.’s studies dealt with top-down designated protected areas: what if there is more local involvement?

16. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200416 Main research question Which is the role of local identification in driving people response to protected area designation?

17. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200417 General context Protected area designated by local institutions in 1997 (Regional Administration & Sardinian Mining Agency) Aim of protecting and recovering old extraction sites abandoned since mining industry crisis Local communities involved since early phases of the park designation St 1- The Geominerarian Park of Sardinia

18. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200418 Aims Assessing the role of env concern, general attitudes toward protected areas & regional identification in predicting support for the Geominerarian Park Hyp Regional identification positively predicts support for the specific park independently of the other attitude measures St 1- The Geominerarian Park of Sardinia

19. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200419 Participants: 316 Sardinian residents balanced for socio-demo characteristics Measures: Self-administered questionnaire, Likert scales adapted from previous studies St 1- The Geominerarian Park of Sardinia

20. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200420 St 1 – scale reliability

21. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200421 SUPPORT FOR SPECIFIC PARK gender residence environmental concern regional empowerment Regional pride attitudes parks in general age St 1 – Multiple regression

22. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200422 gender residence environmental concern regional empowerment regional pride attitudes parks in general age St 1 – Multiple regression n.s..14.46 SUPPORT FOR SPECIFIC PARK R 2 =.25

23. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200423 General context & measures: Similar to St #1 Participants: 157 subjects Aims & Hyp: Confirming results of St #1 Analyses : Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) St 2 - The Archaeological Park of Gravina

24. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200424 St 2 – scale reliability

25. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200425 St 2 – SEM with latent variables.42.30.64.35  2 (86) = 131.7 p =.001 RMSEA =.06 NNFI =.94 SRMR =.08 CFI =.95 ATTITUDES PARKS IN GENERAL.87.68.79 SUPPORT FOR SPECIFIC PARK.92.90 ENVIR CONCERN.87 REGIONAL PRIDE.87 REGIONAL EMPWRMNT.87 N = 141

26. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200426 Concluding remarks Increasing support for Hyp across St #1 & St #2 > reliability - more explained var. - bigger effect size Strong local identity positively predicts support for specific parks Need of involving local communities via inclusive and participatory deliberation Future studies: testing causal relations through experimental designs (e.g. manipulating identity salience; using scenarios)

27. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200427 Concluding remarks Increasing support for Hyp across St #1 & St #2 > reliability - more explained var. - bigger effect size Strong local identity positively predicts support for specific parks Need of involving local communities via inclusive and participatory deliberation Future studies: testing causal relations through experimental designs (e.g. manipulating identity salience; using scenarios)

28. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200428 Concluding remarks Increasing support for Hyp across St #1 & St #2 > reliability - more explained var. - bigger effect size Strong local identity positively predicts support for specific parks Need of involving local communities via inclusive and participatory deliberation Future studies: testing causal relations through experimental designs (e.g. manipulating identity salience; using scenarios)

29. G. Carrus - 18th iaps Conference - Wien, 7-10 Jul 200429 Concluding remarks Increasing support for Hyp across St #1 & St #2 > reliability - more explained var. - bigger effect size Strong local identity positively predicts support for specific parks Need of involving local communities via inclusive and participatory deliberation Future studies: testing causal relations through experimental designs (e.g. manipulating identity salience; using scenarios)