1. Human Physiology The Nervous System Neurons and Synapses Chapter 4

2. Neurons and Supporting Cells Match the type of neuroglia to its main function. AnswerCell typeFunction 1. __1. Ependymal cells A. Produce cerebrospinal fluid. 2. __2. MicrogliaB. Remove debris. 3. __3. Oligodendrocytes C. Blood brain barrier. 4. __4. Astrocytes D. Provide myelin coat around the axons in the CNS Match the neuroglia to their functions: ANSWER

3. Neurons and Supporting Cells Match the type of neuroglia to its main function. AnswerCell typeFunction 1. A1. Ependymal cells A. Produce cerebrospinal fluid. 2. B2. MicrogliaB. Remove debris. 3. D3. Oligodendrocytes C. Blood brain barrier. 4. C4. Astrocytes D. Provide myelin coat around the axons in the CNS Match the neuroglia to their functions:

4. Neurons and Supporting Cells Which of the following is the most likely consequence of demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis? A. stronger action potentials. B. faster conduction velocity. C. slower conduction velocity. D. weaker action potentials. ANSWER

5. Neurons and Supporting Cells Which of the following is the most likely consequence of demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis? A. stronger action potentials. B. faster conduction velocity. C. slower conduction velocity. D. weaker action potentials.

6. Action Potential An action potential A. begins with Na+ moving into the cell. B. begins with Na+ leaving the cell. C. makes cell membrane potential briefly positive. D. makes cell membrane more negative. E. B & D F. A & C ANSWER

7. Action Potential An action potential A. begins with Na+ moving into the cell. B. begins with Na+ leaving the cell. C. makes cell membrane potential briefly positive. D. makes cell membrane more negative. E. B & D F. A & C

8. Action Potential During the downward part of the action potential (D), the membrane becomes most permeable to ________ ion. A. potassium. B. calcium. C. chloride. D. sodium. ANSWER

9. Action Potential During the downward part of the action potential (D), the membrane becomes most permeable to ________ ion. A. potassium. B. calcium. C. chloride. D. sodium.

10. Rearrange the following: A. Closing of voltage-gated Na+ channels B. Repolarization C. Opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels D. Depolarization to threshold E. Stimulus F. Rapid depolarization G. Opening of voltage-gated K+ channels Correct order __ → __ → __ → __ → __ → __ → __. ANSWER Action Potential

11. Rearrange the following: A. Closing of voltage-gated Na+ channels B. Repolarization C. Opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels D. Depolarization to threshold E. Stimulus F. Rapid depolarization G. Opening of voltage-gated K+ channels Correct order E → D → C → F → A → G →B. Action Potential

12. The Synapse Which one of these follows all-or- none principle? A. Inhibitory postsynaptic potential. B. Graded potential. C. Action potential. D. Excitatory postsynaptic potential. ANSWER

13. The Synapse Which one of these follows all-or- none principle? A. Inhibitory postsynaptic potential. B. Graded potential. C. Action potential. D. Excitatory postsynaptic potential.

14. The Synapse Rearrange the following steps at a synapse in the correct order: A. Neurotransmitter diffuses across the cleft. B. Release of neurotransmitter. C. Ion channel opens on postsynaptic cell. D. Neurotransmitter binds to the postsynaptic receptor. Correct order is ? → ? → ? → ?.

15. The Synapse Rearrange the following steps at a synapse in the correct order: A. Neurotransmitter diffuses across the cleft. B. Release of neurotransmitter. C. Ion channel opens on postsynaptic cell. D. Neurotransmitter binds to the postsynaptic receptor. Correct order is B → A → D → C.

16. The Synapse BACK TO GAME Electrical and chemical synapses differ in that A. electrical synapses have a refractory period. B. chemical synapses can have graded and summation response. C. chemical synapses rely on neurotransmitters for signaling. D. electrical synapses have an all or none response. E. All the above are correct

17. The Synapse Electrical and chemical synapses differ in that A. electrical synapses have a refractory period. B. chemical synapses can have graded and summation response. C. chemical synapses rely on neurotransmitters for signaling. D. electrical synapses have an all or none response. E. All the above are correct

18. Neurotransmitters An example of a gas as a neurotransmitter is ___________. ANSWER

19. Neurotransmitters An example of a gas as a neurotransmitter is nitric oxide.

20. Neurotransmitters Which of the following is likely to open post-synaptic chloride channels? A. Gamma amino butyric acid. B. Glutamate. C. Acetylcholine. D. Aspartate. ANSWER

21. Neurotransmitters Which of the following is likely to open post-synaptic chloride channels? A. Gamma amino butyric acid. B. Glutamate. C. Acetylcholine. D. Aspartate.

22. Neurotransmitters This enzyme is primarily responsible for intracellular degradation of dopamine and epinephrine. A. Monoamine oxidase. B. Catechol O-methyl transferase. C. Acetylcholinesterase. D. Tyrosine Beta Hydroxylase. ANSWER

23. Neurotransmitters This enzyme is primarily responsible for intracellular degradation of dopamine and epinephrine. A. Monoamine oxidase. B. Catechol O-methyl transferase. C. Acetylcholinesterase. D. Tyrosine Beta Hydroxylase.

24. Neurotransmitters Which of the following is most likely to be removed from the synapse by enzymatic degradation? A. Norepinephrine. B. Serotonin. C. Acetylcholine. D. Dopamine. ANSWER

25. Neurotransmitters Which of the following is most likely to be removed from the synapse by enzymatic degradation? A. Norepinephrine. B. Serotonin. C. Acetylcholine. D. Dopamine.

26. Neurotransmitters Which of the following statements regarding neurotransmitters is true? A. Acetylcholine binds to adrenergic receptors. B. Opiate drugs, such as morphine, are antagonists of endorphins. C. Catecholamines are the most abundant neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. D. Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is a major excitatory transmitter in the central nervous system. E. Acetylcholine is broken down by enzymes present on postsynaptic cell membranes. ANSWER

27. Neurotransmitters Which of the following statements regarding neurotransmitters is true? A. Acetylcholine binds to adrenergic receptors. B. Opiate drugs, such as morphine, are antagonists of endorphins. C. Catecholamines are the most abundant neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. D. Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is a major excitatory transmitter in the central nervous system. E. Acetylcholine is broken down by enzymes present on postsynaptic cell membranes.