1. G Balasubramanian

2.  Individual position on a learning curve  Position in a given learning cohort  Position in a given universe

3.  A marking scheme contains value points for assessment.  They are suggestive.  The evaluator has the flexibility to award so long as the value point is reflected.

4.  It reduces ambiguity in evaluation  It reduces subjectivity in evaluation  Ir provides standards for evaluation.  It is a normative tool for the entire universe of the examinees.

5.  Identification of schools/ candidates  Focus on the remuneration by increasing the quantity of evaluated papers  Poor computation of marks  No standardized procedures for addition or recording.

7.  It reflects the performance profile of examinees in a given situation.  It shows a meaningful profile when the volume of the examinees is large  It is just an indicator.  There is no pre-condition that it has to remain always normal.  The standard curve is never forced on a cohort

8.  In all normal conditions the curve is skewed.  Skewing could be positive or negative.

9.  When the question paper is too easy.  When the evaluation is quite liberal and subjective.  When the given cohort are high profile and high performing learners.  When the volume of the examinees is quite less.  When the marking scheme is not objective

10.  When the question paper is quite difficult.  When the questions are out of focus or syllabus.  When the performance profile of the learners is low  When the learning experiences have been inadequate  When the evaluation is quite tight and rigorous.  When the marking scheme is not objective

12.  Undue emphasis on a given mark  Psychological pressure on examiners to award a given mark  Moderation or standardization focusing on a given mark  Student performances targeting a given mark

13.  Standard Deviation  The Standard Deviation is a measure of how spread out numbers are.  Its symbol is σ (the greek letter sigma)  The formula is easy: it is the square root of the Variance.  The Variance is defined as: The average of the squared differences from the Mean.

14.  Standard deviation is the measure of dispersion away from the mean, or average, value

15.  Relating the mean score of a school in a subject with that of the Board score.  Relating the distribution profile of the learners of a school with that of the Board.

16. yesNo  Why not?  Why should I?

17.  Perceptional variations  Indifference in observations  Oversights  Misconceptions about answers/questions

18.  Lack of focus/attention  Speed of assessment  Personal preferences  Poor handwriting  Styles of answers  Ideological differences

19.  Case relating to the question ◦ The most ideal man I know

20.  Give an example of Antibiotics.

21.  Does the teacher have adequate knowledge?  Does the teacher have adequate competence?  Does the teacher take the task with seriousness it deserves?  Mindsets in evaluation

22.  What are its strengths?  What are its demerits?

23.  Monitoring  Mentoring  Supervising

24.  The format of writing a letter

25.  Lack of knowledge of the subject area

26.  All students getting the same marks in a given subject  All students getting the same marks in Maths and sciences

27.  Data Entry errors