1. HOME RULE Questions: Why was Home Rule delayed until 1911?Why was Home Rule delayed until 1911? Why was Ireland on the brink of a civil war in 1914?Why was Ireland on the brink of a civil war in 1914? By Daniella Fell Olivia Ross Johnathan Potter Lucinda Young Consultant: Jennifer Haynes

2. WHY WAS HOME RULE DELAYED? CONSERVATIVE DOMINANCE 1895-1905CONSERVATIVE DOMINANCE 1895-1905 SALISBURY AND BALFOUR – staunched Unionists that rely on Unionist support during their dominance. NO INTENTION OF INTRODUCING HOME RULE Examples: ‘Killing Home Rule with Kindness’Examples: ‘Killing Home Rule with Kindness’ -Local Government Act 1898 ended landlord control over local government in Ireland. -Landlords are largely Anglo-Irish and represented the British control over the Irish, by removing their control it ‘appeased’ the Irish… supposedly.

3. WHY WAS HOME RULE DELAYED? CONSTITUIONAL CRISIS CONSTITUIONAL CRISIS Although the Liberals, supporters of Home Rule, won an 1906 election with 401 seats. Other issues such as social reform and the Tory dominance in the House of Lords delayed Home Rule. Although the Liberals, supporters of Home Rule, won an 1906 election with 401 seats. Other issues such as social reform and the Tory dominance in the House of Lords delayed Home Rule. BEFORE the Parliament Act 1911 – the Lords (Tory = Unionist) rejected the any Home Rule bill and would continue to do so. BEFORE the Parliament Act 1911 – the Lords (Tory = Unionist) rejected the any Home Rule bill and would continue to do so. AFTER the Parliament Act 1911 – the Lords rejected the ‘Third Home Rule Bill’ twice delaying the bill a further two years. AFTER the Parliament Act 1911 – the Lords rejected the ‘Third Home Rule Bill’ twice delaying the bill a further two years. = Home Rule began to be more vigorously pursued. WHY? = Home Rule began to be more vigorously pursued. WHY? LIBERALS RELIED ON IRISH NATIONALIST DURING 1910 AND 1911 ELECTIONS. LIBERALS RELIED ON IRISH NATIONALIST DURING 1910 AND 1911 ELECTIONS.

4. WHY WAS HOME RULE DELAYED? COMPLEX ISSUES IN ULSTER COMPLEX ISSUES IN ULSTER BACKGROUND BACKGROUND JAMES I AND CHARLES I GRANTED LARGE ESTATES TO ENGLISH PROTESTANT LANDOWNERS IN THE ULSTER PROVINCE. JAMES I AND CHARLES I GRANTED LARGE ESTATES TO ENGLISH PROTESTANT LANDOWNERS IN THE ULSTER PROVINCE. DUE TO BRITISH CONNECTIONS, ULSTER ENJOYED A PROPSEROUS INDUSTRIALISATION COMPARED TO THE REST OF IRELAND AND RELIED ON FREE TRADE BETWEEN BRITIAN. DUE TO BRITISH CONNECTIONS, ULSTER ENJOYED A PROPSEROUS INDUSTRIALISATION COMPARED TO THE REST OF IRELAND AND RELIED ON FREE TRADE BETWEEN BRITIAN. ALONG WITH RELIGIOUS TENSIONS – IT WAS BELIEVED THAT RELYING ON A CATHOLIC GOVERNMENT IN POVERTY STRICKEN DUBLIN WOULD THREATEN ULSTER’S SUCCESS. ALONG WITH RELIGIOUS TENSIONS – IT WAS BELIEVED THAT RELYING ON A CATHOLIC GOVERNMENT IN POVERTY STRICKEN DUBLIN WOULD THREATEN ULSTER’S SUCCESS. = ‘HOME RULE IS ROME RULE’ = ‘HOME RULE IS ROME RULE’

5. WHY WAS IRELAND ON THE BRINK OF A CIVIL WAR IN 1914? FRUSTRATION IN IRELAND FROM HOME RULE BEING DELAYED. FRUSTRATION IN IRELAND FROM HOME RULE BEING DELAYED. -Since 1840 there had been a great demand for Irish devolution that expanded to Home Rule. The delays up until 1914 had only increased frustration = CREATION OF IRISH NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS= CREATION OF IRISH NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS For example:For example: The Fenians, Home Rule League in 1873 and Irish National League in 1882.The Fenians, Home Rule League in 1873 and Irish National League in 1882. ALL KNOWN TO USE VIOLENCE.ALL KNOWN TO USE VIOLENCE. For example: 1867 Clerkenwell Gaol Explosion, 1882 Phoenix Park MurdersFor example: 1867 Clerkenwell Gaol Explosion, 1882 Phoenix Park Murders

6. WHY WAS IRELAND ON THE BRINK OF A CIVIL WAR IN 1914? COMPLEX ISSUES IN ULSTER… AGAIN. COMPLEX ISSUES IN ULSTER… AGAIN. Opposition to the frustrated Irish who wished for Home Rule is derived from Ulster – who supported the Unionists. = Two different sides, a potential for Civil War.= Two different sides, a potential for Civil War.

7. WHY WAS IRELAND ON THE BRINK OF A CIVIL WAR IN 1914? ASQUITH – A POOR HANDLING… ASQUITH – A POOR HANDLING… -Asquith failed to treat Ulster as a separate case in Ireland AND underestimated the Ulster opposition. He continued to introduce the THIRD HOME RULE BILL (1912) without considering Ulster. -Edward Carson leader of the Irish Unionists along with 50,000 members of the Ulster Volunteer Force (basically an army), announced if Home Rule came into an effect – it would taker over the government in the Protestant provinces. -On 28 th September 1912 – 447,252 people signed the ULTSTER COVENENT. - Vowing to use: ‘all means which may be forced necessary to defeat the present conspiracy to set up a Home Rule Parliament in Ireland.

8. WHY WAS IRELAND ON THE BRINK OF A CIVIL WAR IN 1914? ASQUITH STILL HANDLING IRLAND VERY VERY BADLY…. ASQUITH STILL HANDLING IRLAND VERY VERY BADLY…. The Ulster Unionist received fierce support from the Unionists in London. -Including Bonar Law who, being born in Ulster, called from arms against Home Rule. = TWO VERY REACTIVE AND MILITANT SIDES IN IRELAND BOTH WANTING THE OPPOSITE, increased potential for Civil War. Asquith’s stupid policy of ‘Wait and See’ exacerbated things further as UVF began to conduct drills, preparing to fight.

9. WHY WAS IRELAND ON THE BRINK OF A CIVIL WAR IN 1914? ASQUITH (AGAIN) AND GEORGE V INDICIVENESS. ASQUITH (AGAIN) AND GEORGE V INDICIVENESS. -By 1913, the Home Rule had been reject 3x = ROYAL ASSENT.-By 1913, the Home Rule had been reject 3x = ROYAL ASSENT. -George V anxious about the increasing violence in Ulster held talks in Balmoral. = Carson was willing to compromise IFF Ulster was removed from Home Rule (this included 3 VERY Catholic counties). John Redmond leader of the INP rejected this and Asquith DID NOTHING AGAIN…

10. WHY WAS IRELAND ON THE BRINK OF A CIVIL WAR IN 1914? So, we have an: So, we have an: Indecisive leader (Asquith) who just wants to give Home Rule. Indecisive leader (Asquith) who just wants to give Home Rule. Two opposites in Ireland Two opposites in Ireland -The Home Rulers, frustrated due to having to wait nearly 100 years for Home Rule despite supporting the Liberal Party during the Constitutional Crisis… -The Ulster Unionists, centuries of being Protestant and relying on British trade and industry to be prosperous… -BOTH EXTREMELY VOLATILE.-BOTH EXTREMELY VOLATILE. -= BRINK OF CIVIL WAR-= BRINK OF CIVIL WAR

11. WHY WAS IRELAND ON THE BRINK OF A CIVIL WAR IN 1914? IMPORTANT TO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT ASQUITH TRIED… IMPORTANT TO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT ASQUITH TRIED…(BADLY) -Asquith amended the Third Home Rule Bill by allowing Ulster to vote for exclusion from Home Rule for 6 years. -REJECTED BY CARSON seeing it as a ‘STAY OF EXCUTION FOR 6 YEARS’-REJECTED BY CARSON seeing it as a ‘STAY OF EXCUTION FOR 6 YEARS’ -REJECTED BY HOUSE OF LORDS – who replaced the amendment with a clause stating that ALL of Ulster would be excluded permanently. -ASQUITH REFUSED (idiot) ALONG WITH THE REST OF THE HOME RULERS.-ASQUITH REFUSED (idiot) ALONG WITH THE REST OF THE HOME RULERS. = Everyone had reached an impasse – violence was increasing in Ulster.= Everyone had reached an impasse – violence was increasing in Ulster. E.g. 23 rd July 1914, UVP Members clash with Police when they smuggled weapons at Howth.

12. WHY DID THEY NOT REACH CIVIL WAR? WW1.

13. PUNCH MAGAZINE What is the message behind this cartoon and what relevance does it have to the Irish issue.

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