1. PIA 2574- Week Four African Development Seminar: Conflict, Governance and Development

2. “Bula Matari came to represent [the] alien authority…” Crawford Young Discussion First

3. Discussion: Cases Sylvain Bemba, The Dark Room, (DRC- 1934- 1995) James Mathews, “The Park” (29 May 1929 (Cape Town (1929-05- 29) (age 81)

4. Luis Bernardo Honwana, “Dina” (Maputo, Mozambique, Born 1942)

5. Discussion Books Ousmane Sembane, God’s Bits of Wood (January 1, 1923 — June 9, 2007)

6. Joseph Conrad (born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski; 3 December 1857 – 3 August 1924)

7. Neil Parsons, King Khama Born, (Born, 1944 in U.K.)

8. African Development Seminar Culture, and the Politics Of Sub-Nationalism and Conflict: The Ethnic Question in Africa

9. Not Just Culture Clashes

10. Concepts to be covered Ethnicity “Tribes’ Nationalism Primordialism Contextual Themes

11. Examples of Ethnic Conflict: Which is not? Cambodia Bosnia/Kosovo Somalia Central Africa: Rwanda/Zaire East Timor and Indonesia

12. What is the Ethnic Issue? More than 1.7 million Cambodians are thought to have died at the hands of the Khmer Rouge. Prosecutors said the gravest atrocities were the 1995 Srebrenica massacre of 8,000 Muslims.

13. Ethnicity The Story of Lingala:  Language spoken along Congo River by many groups  No real Ngala Group  Missionaries and Colonial officers “heard the language”  By 1960, a group definition

14. Race, Nationalism and Ethnicity DISCUSSION POINT: IS AFRICAN ETHNICITY DIFFERENT?

15. Kenya: 2007-2008 The Ethnic Election

16. Defining Ethnicity: Africa- Ethnic and racial Mosaic Core Separatism based on Language Language Group Identity Impacted by Colonialism-Divide and ally Geographic Ethnic Separation Multi-Ethnic Groups live together Sub-Nationalism- Perception of Group as nation

17. Luo vs. Kikuyu in Kenya

18. Nigeria 154,729,000 people (2010) 10 Major languages and clusters (350,000 people +) 248 minor Languages and dialects

20. Nigeria: Three Places in One Northern Nigeria: Dry, Grazing County Moslem, Hausa and Fulani Middle Belt: Temperate, Hilly, Underutilized potential for Grain Crops- small heterogeneous groups, Tiv and Nupe South: Tropical forest, humid, palm oil, cocoa, oil. Yoruba, Wes, Ibo East

21. Middle Belt Politics

22. The Scandinavia Problem Norway- A Nation State of 4.9 million people Iceland- An Island Nation of 313,376 “Ibo” (Igbo)- a “tribe” of 17-30 million people Theme: a State without a Nation

23. Norwegians

24. Defining Nationalism without states: The Norway Problem Defined as parochialism-Identification and value system set within Autonomous Local Communities Problems with "tribalism“ European Term, Conventional Use Tribes vs. “Detribalization”- What does it mean?

25. “Guns and Arrows: The Detribalization of Papua New Guinea” Australian photographer, Stephen Dupont

26. Ethnic Consciousness Sometimes New Often accidental External in origin Formed by urban contact Changing Related to Differences in Economic Advantages

27. Asian Ethnicity A Core Nationality and Outlying “tribes” Indonesia and Java India and Hindi (Crosscutting caste, religion and language) Kurds: Minorities in Four Countries- Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Iran Iran: Persia

29. Myths

30. Defining Nationalism North Africa: "Arab majorities" and "minorities"- Sudan, Chad, Mauritania and Morocco The Horn- Clans, religion and colonial borders

31. Colonial Borders

32. Ethnicity, Race and Culture Focus of Explanations for Failure in Africa The nature of conflict The legitimacy of colonial borders Are Settlers a different “tribe?”

33. Boer Family- c. 1900. Another Tribe?

34. Ethnicity Clifford Geetrz and his Critics Clifford Geertz, “The Integrative Revolution: Primordial Sentiments and Civil Politics in the New States” In Clifford Geertz, ed. OLD SOCIETIES AND NEW STATES (New York: Free Press, 1968).

35. Balinese Status Titles taken from Clifford Geertz’s (1926-2006)writing entitled “Person, Time, and Conduct in Bali : The Social Nature of Thought”, that will give you an interesting insight on Balinese social-cultural life.

36. Theories of Ethnicity: Primordial Sentiments Primordialism- Allegiance based on givens, culture, language and religion Contrasts Primorial vs. civil sentiments (Civil Society) Primordial- Permanent and unchanging

37. Indigenous and Endangered Peoples

38. Primordialism Corporate sentiments of oneness Personality flaw that must be corrected Undermines the Nation Ethnicity is destructive Embedded in ancient myths and history

39. And the Violence in Rustenberg (Lonmin’s Marikana Mine) Julius Malema Speaks

40. Coffee Break- Ten Minutes

41. Critique of Primordialism Ethnicity as a Process Contextual and Changing Towns: urban contact and the “other” “retribalization” European origins of ethnic identity Tradition actually changes

43. Cleavages and Conflict Cumulative (overlapping) vs. Crosscutting- What is Northern Ireland Eg. NORTHERN IRELAND: Catholic Poor Urban Working Class

44. Northern Ireland

45. Related Terms Finding a meaning for Social divisions Cultural Pluralism Cultural Sub-nationalism Religious Fundamentalism and Nationalism

46. Origins of Cultural Sub- Nationalism? Discussion: Michael Crowder, "Indirect Rule- French and British Style," in Markovitz, African Politics and Society, pp. 27-36

47. Religious Fundamentalism

48. Or African Leadership

49. Explanations of Ethnicity cultural sub-nationalism- language, culture, religion and race Awkward, what is “sub” about it? Contextual- intensification of ethnic identity- and the reverse Ethnicity as Nationalism

51. Ethnicity and Class In Africa Class is Traditional Class was reinforced by Colonial Rule New Organizational and Economic Elites have ties to Pre-colonial elites Strikes and Spoils- Tend to be Ethnic in Nature

52. Ethnicity vs. Language- Issues Ethnicity as a concept (Review) Colonial vs. Indigenous Languages The role of Settler lingua francas: English, French, Portuguese and Trade Languages: Hausa, Swahili

53. Swahili and Portuguese Cultural Areas

54. Race and Culture Biology vs. Attitudes (“Race”) Race vs. Ethnicity The Colonial Lingua Franca and Indigenous Languages Pre-indigenous vs. Mixed Race Peoples: Who is an African?

55. Historical Racial Stereotypes

56. Alum of the Week: Nitin Madhav, Education: University of Pittsburgh, B. A. in political science and Masters in public health and in economic and social development (1992). USAID's officer- in-charge for Burma and China programs. Lost a leg in Rwanda, 1994

57. The Importance of Satire Helen Zille

58. Next Weeks Reading Cases: Barbara Kimenye, “The Winner,” in Charles Larson, African Stories Bessie Head, "The Deep River," in Bessie Head, Collector of Treasures, pp. 1-6. Alex La Guma, “A Matter of Taste, in Larsen, African, pp. 101-106 Discussion Books: Ali, Infided Bergner, In the Land of Magic Soldiers Vassanji, Gunny Sack

59. Discussion for Next Week 1. The impact of Settlers (Both European, Middle Eastern and Asian) on “your" part of Africa. 2.Francophone Issue: the impact of France on the region as a part of a European image and the extent to which the French in West Africa are "settlers.“ 3.The New Settlers?