1. US HISTORY NATIVE AMERICANS AND EARLY EUROPEAN EXPLORATION

2. A. In the very beginning

5. B. Geography influences culture

6. PICTURE A

7. PICTURE B

8. PICTURE C

9. PICTURE D

10. PICTURE E

11. Incas—Peru, Aztecs—Mexico, Mayas—Central America

12. C. Reasons for European Exploration in the 15 th and 16 th centuries

13. Renaissance Humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning Humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning Encouraged people to learn more about the world Encouraged people to learn more about the world

14. Rise of nation-states England England France France Portugal Portugal Spain Spain Competition for new territory, power, glory, wealth Competition for new territory, power, glory, wealth

15. Desire to find better (cheaper) trade routes

16. D. New technology that aided distant exploration

17. Printing Press Informed people about travels that had already taken place Informed people about travels that had already taken place

18. People read about Marco Polo’s travels to China and other parts of Asia

19. Caravel

20. Astrolabe and compass

21. E. Christopher Columbus

23. Vikings from Scandinavia came to the New World first, but did not establish permanent settlements because no strong nation-state backed them financially

24. F. The Columbian Exchange

26. Columbian Exchange—some things that arrived in Europe Columbian Exchange—some things that arrived in Europe Tomato Tomato Potato Potato Turkeys Turkeys Tobacco Tobacco Chocolate Chocolate Corn Corn Peanuts Peanuts Syphilis Syphilis

27. Columbian Exchange—some things that arrived in America Cow Cow Horse Horse Pig Pig Chicken Chicken Rice Rice Coffee Coffee Sugarcane Sugarcane Smallpox Smallpox

28. Some positive effects of the Columbian Exchange Natives got new tools, animals and trade goods; for example— horses could now be used to hunt buffalo on the Great Plains (could also be viewed as a bad thing) Natives got new tools, animals and trade goods; for example— horses could now be used to hunt buffalo on the Great Plains (could also be viewed as a bad thing) Europeans got lots of great food sources that would help make the population grow Europeans got lots of great food sources that would help make the population grow

29. Some negative effects of the Columbian Exchange Some bad things spread, too, such as diseases; about 90% of the Native population got wiped out as a result Some bad things spread, too, such as diseases; about 90% of the Native population got wiped out as a result Paved the way for conquistadors and the growth of slavery Paved the way for conquistadors and the growth of slavery

30. Discoverers and conquistadors who came after Columbus Balboa—was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean Balboa—was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean Magellan—his men circumnavigated the globe (went around the Earth) Magellan—his men circumnavigated the globe (went around the Earth)

31. And they kept coming…. Ponce de Leon— explored Florida searching for gold (and the Fountain of Youth) Ponce de Leon— explored Florida searching for gold (and the Fountain of Youth)

32. And coming…. Coronado—saw the Grand Canyon Coronado—saw the Grand Canyon De Soto—saw the Mississippi River De Soto—saw the Mississippi River

33. Some conquered great civilizations Pizarro—conquered the Incas Pizarro—conquered the Incas Cortez—conquered the Aztecs; Cortez—conquered the Aztecs; the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan is now Mexico City; the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan is now Mexico City; their leader was Montezuma (Moctezuma) their leader was Montezuma (Moctezuma)

34. Three G’s of the Conquistadors GOLD GOLD GOD GOD GLORY GLORY