1. CHARLEMAGNE AND THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES Week Eight

2. petros = rock PeterpetrifyPetra

3. geo/terra = earth/land terra cottaterriergeology

4. CHARLEMAGNE AND THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES Week Eight

5. I. Aachen Chapel

6.  Charlemagne’s Aachen Cathedral reflects the succession of the ancient Roman emperors and the Christianizing of Europe.

7. Aachen cathedral

8. The Octagons of Aachen

9. II. Charlemagne  Einhard’s hagiographical description  Reality: a barbarian Christian conqueror

10. bio/viv = life revivevictualsbiology

11. dict = speak verdictdictatorbenediction

13. III. The Making of Barbarian Kingdoms A. Italian Ostrogoths Theodoric the Great: Roman civil government and Germanic kingship From chaos to Lombard rule after Theodoric’s death B. Spanish Visigoths Wealthy and desirable territory Muslims overthrow the Visigoths and establish caliphate in 711 Ostrogoths

14. III. The Making of Barbarian Kingdoms C. Anglo-Saxons  Little kingdoms  Conversion to Christianity, as chronicled by Bede  Syncretism and Beowulf: story that chronicles the adventures of a hero who saves the Danes from the terrible monster Grendel Bede

15. Beowulf

16. In Search of Beowulf

17. Beowulf trailer

18. III. The Making of Barbarian Kingdoms D. Franks  Client state of Rome  Clovis and conquest (486 CE); conversion to Christianity; launches the Merovingian dynasty Baptism of Clovis

19. IV. Charlemagne and the Carolingians A. Charles Martel  Rise of aristocracy over kingdom. Why? 1. Military: scorched earth and absolute fidelity 2. Religious: loyalty and religious posts; church- state collusion Pippin

20. The Kingdom of Charlemagne

21. IV. Charlemagne and the Carolingians B. Charlemagne  Conquest: Pippin’s son defeats the Lombards, Saxons, Avars, Muslims  Government: a crude Roman administration

22. Charlemagne’s Empire

23. Carolingian Renaissance 1. Spiritual renewal The protector of all Christians under the Pope’s obedience Rome crowns Charlemagne emperor in 800 2. Intellectual renewal Education: establishes schools; recruits intellectuals Fusion of Germanic and Roman art

25. V. After Charlemagne A. Overextension: not enough infrastructure B. Division of the kingdom C. Threats from outside D. Return to aristocracies E. Christianity spreads

26. Scandinavia

27. Viking invasion

28. Epilogue  Charlemagne’s death 814: buried under Palatine Chapel in imperial robes

29. Aachen Chapel today

30. Aachen’s hot springs